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Aron Zysow's 1984 PhD dissertation, 'The Economy of Certainty,' remains the most important, compelling, and intellectually ambitious treatment of Islamic legal theory (usul al-fiqh) in Western scholarship to date. It continues to be widely read and cited, and remains unsurpassed in its incisive analysis of the fundamental assumptions of Islamic legal thought. Zysow's important work is published here in full, for the first time, with updated references, a Preface by Professor Robert Gleave and further reflections by the author. Zysow argues that the great dividing line in Islamic legal thought is between those legal theories that require certainty in every detail of the law and those that will admit probability. The latter were historically dominant and include the leading legal schools that have survived to our own day. Zahirism and, for much of its history, Twelver Shi'ism, are examples of the former. The well-known dispute regarding the legitimacy of juridical analogy is only one feature of this fundamental epistemological division, since probability can enter the law in the process of authenticating prophetic traditions and in the interpretation of the revealed texts, as well as through analogy. The notion of consensus in Islamic legal theory functioned to reintroduce some measure of certainty into the law by identifying one of the competing probable solutions as correct. Consequently, consensus has only a reduced role in those systems that reject probability. Another, more radical, means of regaining certainty was the doctrine that regarded the legal reasoning of all qualified jurists on matters of probability as infallible. The development of legal theories of both types was to a large extent shaped by theology and, most significantly, by Mu'tazilism, and subsequently by Ash'arism and Maturidism.

Islamic law --- Islamic law --- Legal certainty --- Islamic law --- Hadith

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Islamic law --- Muslims

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La migration du droit musulman de la famille vers les tribunaux occidentaux est fortement débattue de part et d'autre de l'Atlantique. Quelle place les pays occidentaux doivent-ils accorder aux normes et aux coutumes musulmanes ? De quelle manière peuvent-ils les intégrer dans leur système juridique ? Quels impacts cette transplantation peut-elle avoir sur la condition des femmes ? Ce champ de réflexion est abordé ici à travers l'exemple du mahr – règle musulmane en vertu de laquelle le futur mari doit verser une somme d'argent à sa fiancée en prévision du mariage –, et de son traitement par les tribunaux d'Allemagne, du Canada, des États-Unis et de France lorsqu'ils sont saisis d'une demande de divorce par un couple musulman. En décrivant la réception de cette institution au sein des quatre pays, c'est la question de la protection des femmes musulmanes par l'intermédiaire du droit contractuel, du droit international privé, du droit constitutionnel et de la famille que pose l'auteure. Adoptant l'approche du réalisme juridique américain, Pascale Fournier étudie de manière plus générale les dynamiques sociales en jeu dans l'hybridation et l'internationalisation du droit et montre les moyens et les stratégies employés par les juges occidentaux, mais aussi par les femmes et les maris musulmans, pour agir face au pluralisme juridique créé par la diversité culturelle.

Dowry (Islamic law) --- Marriage (Islamic law) --- Conflict of laws --- Marriage.

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In Islamic Legal Thought: A Compendium of Muslim Jurists , twenty-three scholars each contribute a chapter on a distinguished Muslim jurist. The volume is organized chronologically and it includes jurists who represent the formative, classical and modern periods of Islamic legal thought. Each chapter contains both a biography of an individual jurist and a translated sample of his work. The biographies emphasize the scholarly milieu in which the jurist worked—his teachers, colleagues and pupils, as well as the type of juridical thinking for which he is best known. The translated sample highlights the contribution of each jurist to the evolution of both the method and the methodology of Islamic jurisprudence. The introduction by the volume's three editors, Oussama Arabi, David S. Powers and Susan A. Spectorsky, provides a concise overview of the contents. Contributors include: Oussama Arabi, Murteza Bedir, Jonathan E. Brockopp, Robert Gleave, Camilo Gómez-Rivas, Mahmoud O. Haddad, Peter C. Hennigan, Colin Imber, Samir Kaddouri, Aharon Layish, Joseph E. Lowry, Muhammad Khalid Masud, Ebrahim Moosa, David S. Powers, Yossef Rapoport, Delfina Serrano Ruano, Susan A. Spectorsky, Devin J. Stewart, Osman Tastan, Etty Terem, Nurit Tsafrir, Bernard G. Weiss, Hiroyuki Yanagihashi.

Islamic law --- Muslim scholars --- Biography --- History.

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This volume provides new insights in the concept of shari’a in the West, and sets out a framework of how shari’a in the West can be studied. The premise of this volume is that one needs to focus on the question ‘What do Muslims do in terms of shari’a?’ rather than ‘What is shari’a?’. This perspective shows that the practice of Sharia is restricted to a limited set of rules that mainly relate to religious rituals, family law and social interaction. The framework of this volume then continues to explore two more interactions: the Western responses to these practices of shari’a and, in turn, the Muslim legal reaction to these responses.

Domestic relations --- Muslims --- Domestic relations (Islamic law) --- Islam --- Islamic law --- Islamic law --- Domestic relations (Islamic law) --- Legal status, laws, etc --- Customs and practices --- Interpretation and construction.