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This book is the third volume of review papers on advanced problems of phase transitions and critical phenomena, following the success of the first two volumes in 2004 and in 2007. Broadly, the book aims to demonstrate that the phase transition theory, which experienced its 'golden age' during the 70s and 80s, is far from over and there is still a good deal of work to be done, both at the fundamental level and in respect of applications.This volume presents a broad spectrum of problems connected with criticality. It covers its theoretical backgrounds, analytical approaches and numerical simula

Phase transformations (Statistical physics) --- Statistical physics. --- Physics --- Mathematical statistics --- Phase changes (Statistical physics) --- Phase transitions (Statistical physics) --- Phase rule and equilibrium --- Statistical physics --- Statistical methods

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The 1995 observation of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute atomic vapours spawned the field of ultracold, degenerate quantum gases. Unprecedented developments in experimental design and precision control have led to quantum gases becoming the preferred playground for designer quantum many-body systems.This self-contained volume provides a broad overview of the principal theoretical techniques applied to non-equilibrium and finite temperature quantum gases. Covering Bose-Einstein condensates, degenerate Fermi gases, and the more recently realised exciton-polariton condensates, it fills a gap

Cold gases. --- Quantum theory. --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Gases --- Gaz --- Théorie quantique. --- Thermal properties --- Propriétés thermiques. --- Théorie quantique. --- Propriétés thermiques. --- Phase transformations (Statistical physics) --- Thermal properties.

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The process of high temperature phase transition of rare earth permanent-magnet alloys is revealed by photographs taken by high voltage TEM. The relationship between the formation of nanocrystal and magnetic properties is discussed in detail, which effects alloys composition and preparation process. The experiment results verified some presumptions, and were valuable for subsequent scientific research and creating new permanent-magnet alloys. The publication is intended for researchers, engineers and managers in the field of material science, metallurgy, and physics. Prof. Shuming Pan is senior engineer of Beijing General Research Institute of Non-ferrous Metal.

Phase transformations (Statistical physics). --- Rare earth metals -- Magnetic properties. --- Rare earth metals. --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Electricity & Magnetism --- Rare earth metals --- Phase transformations (Statistical physics) --- Magnetic properties. --- Phase changes (Statistical physics) --- Phase transitions (Statistical physics) --- Physics. --- Magnetism. --- Magnetic materials. --- Metals. --- Magnetism, Magnetic Materials. --- Metallic Materials. --- Phase rule and equilibrium --- Statistical physics --- Materials. --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Mathematical physics --- Electricity --- Magnetics --- Materials --- Metallic elements --- Chemical elements --- Ores --- Metallurgy

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Biman Nath The Story of Helium and the Birth of Astrophysics Helium was the first element ever discovered by astronomers. Its presence was first indicated in the Sun and not on Earth. Further, its discovery marked the birth of the new science of astrophysics. However, it turns out that the events leading to the discovery of helium have been rather misrepresented in books, journals, and even encyclopedias. The usual story about its joint discovery during a solar eclipse in 1868 by French astronomer Pierre Janssen and late in England by Norman Lockyer, is far from the truth. Janssen never mentioned any new spectral line in his reports. The actual story turns out to be as dramatic as in fiction. This book tells the story without jargon, using the words of the scientists themselves (from their letters and reports), and rescues the real story from the backwaters of history.

Astrophysics -- History. --- Astrophysics. --- Stars -- History. --- Helium --- Astrophysics --- Astronomy & Astrophysics --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Astronomy - General --- Inorganic Chemistry --- Spectra --- History --- History. --- Astronomical physics --- Physics. --- Astronomy. --- Cosmology. --- Phase transformations (Statistical physics). --- Condensed materials. --- Condensed matter. --- Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology. --- Popular Science in Astronomy. --- History of Science. --- Quantum Gases and Condensates. --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Condensed materials --- Condensed media --- Condensed phase --- Materials, Condensed --- Media, Condensed --- Phase, Condensed --- Liquids --- Matter --- Solids --- Phase changes (Statistical physics) --- Phase transitions (Statistical physics) --- Phase rule and equilibrium --- Statistical physics

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Analogue Gravity Phenomenology is a collection of contributions that cover a vast range of areas in physics, ranging from surface wave propagation in fluids to nonlinear optics. The underlying common aspect of all these topics, and hence the main focus and perspective from which they are explained here, is the attempt to develop analogue models for gravitational systems. The original and main motivation of the field is the verification and study of Hawking radiation from a horizon: the enabling feature is the possibility to generate horizons in the laboratory with a wide range of physical systems that involve a flow of one kind or another. The years around 2010 and onwards witnessed a sudden surge of experimental activity in this expanding field of research. However, building an expertise in analogue gravity requires the researcher to be equipped with a rather broad range of knowledge and interests. The aim of this book is to bring the reader up to date with the latest developments and provide the basic background required in order to appreciate the goals, difficulties and success stories in the field of analogue gravity. Each chapter of the book treats a different topic explained in detail by the major experts for each specific discipline. The first chapters give an overview of black hole spacetimes and Hawking radiation before moving on to describe the large variety of analogue spacetimes that have been proposed and are currently under investigation. This introductory part is then followed by an in-depth description of what are currently the three most promising analogue spacetime settings, namely surface waves in flowing fluids, acoustic oscillations in Bose-Einstein condensates and electromagnetic waves in nonlinear optics. Both theory and experimental endeavours are explained in detail. The final chapters refer to other aspects of analogue gravity beyond the study of Hawking radiation, such as Lorentz invariance violations and Brownian motion in curved spacetimes, before concluding with a return to the origins of the field and a description of the available observational evidence for horizons in astrophysical black holes.

Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Atomic Physics --- Physics. --- Mathematical physics. --- Quantum field theory. --- String theory. --- Gravitation. --- Optics. --- Electrodynamics. --- Cosmology. --- Phase transformations (Statistical physics). --- Condensed materials. --- Condensed matter. --- Classical and Quantum Gravitation, Relativity Theory. --- Mathematical Physics. --- Quantum Gases and Condensates. --- Optics and Electrodynamics. --- Quantum Field Theories, String Theory. --- Space and time --- Gravitation --- Mathematical models. --- Field theory (Physics) --- Matter --- Antigravity --- Centrifugal force --- Relativity (Physics) --- Space of more than three dimensions --- Space-time --- Space-time continuum --- Space-times --- Spacetime --- Time and space --- Fourth dimension --- Infinite --- Metaphysics --- Philosophy --- Space sciences --- Time --- Beginning --- Hyperspace --- Properties --- Classical Electrodynamics. --- Models, String --- String theory --- Nuclear reactions --- Relativistic quantum field theory --- Quantum theory --- Dynamics --- Light --- Condensed materials --- Condensed media --- Condensed phase --- Materials, Condensed --- Media, Condensed --- Phase, Condensed --- Liquids --- Solids --- Phase changes (Statistical physics) --- Phase transitions (Statistical physics) --- Phase rule and equilibrium --- Statistical physics --- Astronomy --- Deism --- Physical mathematics --- Mathematics