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Ethnology. Cultural anthropology --- Prehistory

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"Humans occupy a material environment that is constantly changing. Yet in the twentieth century archaeologists studying British prehistory have overlooked this fact in their search for past systems of order and pattern. Artefacts and monuments have been treated as inert materials which were the outcomes of social ideas and processes. As a result materials were variously characterized as stable entities such as artefact categories, styles, or symbols in an attempt to comprehend them. In this book Jones argues that, on the contrary, materials are vital, mutable, and creative, and archaeologists need to attend to the changing character of materials if they are to understand how past people and materials intersected to produce prehistoric societies. Rather than considering materials and societies as given, he argues that we need to understand how these entities are performed. Jones analyses various aspects of materials, including their scale, colour, fragmentation, and assembly, in a wide-ranging discussion which covers the pottery, metalwork, rock art, passage tombs, barrows, causewayed enclosures, and settlements of Neolithic and Early Bronze Age Britain and Ireland."--Jacket.

Antiquities, Prehistoric --- Material culture --- History --- Culture --- Folklore --- Technology --- Prehistoric antiquities --- Prehistoric archaeology --- Prehistory --- Prehistoric peoples

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The Neolithic period sees the transformation from hunter-gatherer societies to farming groups, practising agriculture, domestication and sedentism. This lifestyle spread gradually from the Near East into Europe, and archaeologists have long focused on observing the movements of plants, animals and people. However, the changes in domestic architecture of the time have not been examined from an explicitly comparative perspective. Tracking the Neolithic house in Europe: Sedentism, Architecture, and Practice explores the ways in which the transition to sedentism is played out in the earliest houses in the Near East and across Europe. Along with tracking sedentism, Neolithic houses also allow researchers to address changing cultural and group identity, and the varying social and cosmological significance of building. All these aspects alter considerably as one moves westwards and northwards across the European continent and as sedentism becomes more established in each region. Chapters are arranged geographically and chronologically to allow for easy comparisons between neighbouring areas. Contributors address: ·        Construction materials and architectural characteristics ·        How houses facilitated certain kinds of routine practice and dwelling ·        The cosmological dimensions of domestic architecture ·        The role of tradition and change Three insightful discussion chapters—on the continent-wide development of Neolithic architecture over time, archaeological approaches to buildings, and anthropological perspectives—round off the volume. Tracking the Neolithic House in Europe: Sedentism, Architecture, and Practice is for archaeologists, anthropologists, and any student of the Neolithic.

Social sciences (general) --- Ethnology. Cultural anthropology --- Archeology --- sociale wetenschappen --- archeologie --- Stone age --- Prehistory

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Few subjects have caught the attention of the entire world as much as those dealing with natural hazards. The first decade of this new millennium provides a litany of tragic examples of various hazards that turned into disasters affecting millions of individuals around the globe. The human losses (some 225,000 people) associated with the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, the economic costs (approximately 200 billion USD) of the 2011 Tohoku Japan earthquake, tsunami and reactor event, and the collective social impacts of human tragedies experienced during Hurricane Katrina in 2005 all provide repetitive reminders that we humans are temporary guests occupying a very active and angry planet. Any examples may have been cited here to stress the point that natural events on Earth may, and often do, lead to disasters and catastrophes when humans place themselves into situations of high risk. Few subjects share the true interdisciplinary dependency that characterizes the field of natural hazards. From geology and geophysics to engineering and emergency response to social psychology and economics, the study of natural hazards draws input from an impressive suite of unique and previously independent specializations. Natural hazards provide a common platform to reduce disciplinary boundaries and facilitate a beneficial synergy in the provision of timely and useful information and action on this critical subject matter. As social norms change regarding the concept of acceptable risk and human migration leads to an explosion in the number of megacities, coastal over-crowding and unmanaged habitation in precarious environments such as mountainous slopes, the vulnerability of people and their susceptibility to natural hazards increases dramatically. Coupled with the concerns of changing climates, escalating recovery costs, a growing divergence between more developed and less developed countries, the subject of natural hazards remains on the forefront of issues that affect all people, nations, and environments all the time. This treatise provides a compendium of critical, timely and very detailed information and essential facts regarding the basic attributes of natural hazards and concomitant disasters. The Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards effectively captures and integrates contributions from an international portfolio of almost 300 specialists whose range of expertise addresses over 330 topics pertinent to the field of natural hazards. Disciplinary barriers are overcome in this comprehensive treatment of the subject matter. Clear illustrations and numerous color images enhance the primary aim to communicate and educate. The inclusion of a series of unique “classic case study” events interspersed throughout the volume provides tangible examples linking concepts, issues, outcomes and solutions. These case studies illustrate different but notable recent, historic and prehistoric events that have shaped the world as we now know it. They provide excellent focal points linking the remaining terms in the volume to the primary field of study. This Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards will remain a standard reference of choice for many years.

Geophysics --- Meteorology. Climatology --- Geology. Earth sciences --- Physical geography --- Geography --- tsunami --- geografie --- geologie --- fysische geografie --- geomorfologie --- natuurrampen --- Prehistory

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This volume provides the results of a 30-year excavation, reconstruction, and public interpretation campaign at the late prehistoric inland promontory settlement of Castell Henllys, here focusing on the defensive sequence and the role of monumentality in later prehistory. The site has  international significance because of the extensive excavations of the Iron Age palisaded settlement and later earthen ramparts, complex gateway, and chevaux-de-frise of upright stones. It is now widely recognised that the Iron Age consisted of many regional cultural traditions, and the excavations at Castell Henllys provide a vital contrast to the well-known large hillfort communities in other parts of England and Wales as well as across Europe.  As such, it is a unique window into a widespread but largely ignored site category and form of social and economic organisation. The publication will provide a case study for the construction and use of the earthworks of a major European late prehistoric settlement type –  the Iron Age hillfort; the monumental construction is compared with other communal investments such as the Mississippian mounds. It will also offer an innovative form of site reporting, including alternative interpretations of the earthworks as either military defences or the community-binding symbols.  Along with Excavation, Experiment, and Heritage Interpretation: Castell Henllys Hillfort Then and Now, these books will be required reading by those studying the late prehistoric archaeology of Britain and Europe at advanced undergraduate and postgraduate level, and by those in North America studying complex societies, monumentality, and ways of writing archaeology.

Human sciences (algemeen) --- Social sciences (general) --- Sociology of cultural policy --- Archeology --- cultureel erfgoed --- sociale wetenschappen --- cultuurwetenschap --- archeologie --- Prehistory