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Management of big cities is a relatively unresearched area, as compared to city planning and city governance. A study of Warsaw city management reveals the transformation process typically found in European countries in political and economic transition. In A City Reframed, Czarniawska conceptualises city management as an ""action-net"" under transformation, where three types of action are in focus: ""muddling through"", or coping with daily problems; ""reframing"", or changing the frame of interpretation of the world in order to take successful action; and ""anchoring"", the testing

City planning --- Urban renewal

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This work discusses the processes and dynamics of the landscapes of the mining industry, of the degraded areas, and of their possibilities for redevelopment through the creation of "new landscapes". The case of abandoned mining areas is seen in the context of the three phases of landscape transformation (previous, contemporary and subsequent to the mining activity), and in the context of the expanse of the regions affected by the phenomenon. The latter led to the hypothesis that the territory enhancement project should be placed within a complex system, whose main features are widespread interventions involving and intercepting both new and consolidated landscape networks.

Urban renewal. --- Mines and mineral resources.

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Housing rehabilitation --- Urban renewal --- Energy conservation

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This work discusses the processes and dynamics of the landscapes of the mining industry, of the degraded areas, and of their possibilities for redevelopment through the creation of "new landscapes". The case of abandoned mining areas is seen in the context of the three phases of landscape transformation (previous, contemporary and subsequent to the mining activity), and in the context of the expanse of the regions affected by the phenomenon. The latter led to the hypothesis that the territory enhancement project should be placed within a complex system, whose main features are widespread interventions involving and intercepting both new and consolidated landscape networks.

Urban renewal. --- Mines and mineral resources.

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Architecture --- Urban renewal --- Rīga (Latvia --- Buildings, structures, etc.