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The complex relationship between masculinity and religion, as experienced in both the secular and ecclesiastical worlds, forms the focus for this volume, whose range encompasses the rabbis of the Babylonian and Palestinian Talmud, and moves via Carolingian and Norman France, Siena, Antioch, and high and late medieval England to the eve of the Reformation. Chapters investigate the creation and reconstitution of different expressions of masculine identity, from the clerical enthusiasts for marriage to the lay practitioners of chastity, from crusading bishops to holy kings. They also consider the extent to which lay and clerical understandings of masculinity existed in an unstable dialectical relationship, at times sharing similar features, at others pointedly different, co-opting and rejecting features of the other; the articles show this interplay to be more far more complicated than a simple linear narrative of either increasing divergence, or of clerical colonization of lay masculinity. They also challenge conventional historiographies of the adoption of clerical celibacy, of the decline of monasticism and the gendered nature of piety. Patricia Cullum is Head of History at the University of Huddersfield; Katherine J. Lewis is Senior Lecturer in History at the University of Huddersfield. Contributors: James G. Clark, P.H. Cullum, Kirsten A. Fenton, Joanna Huntington, Katherine J. Lewis, Matthew Mesley, Catherine Sanok, Michael L. Satlow, Rachel Stone, Jennifer D. Thibodeaux, Marita von Weissenberg

Clergy --- Masculinity --- Civilization, Medieval. --- Church history --- Clergé --- Masculinité --- Civilisation médiévale --- Eglise --- History --- Histoire --- Clergé --- Masculinité --- Civilisation médiévale --- History. --- Religious aspects --- Christianity --- Masculinity (Psychology) --- Sex (Psychology) --- Men --- Antioch. --- Babylonian. --- Carolingian. --- Chastity. --- Clerical Enthusiasts. --- Clerical celibacy. --- Crusading Bishops. --- Ecclesiastical world. --- Ecclesiastical. --- Gender roles. --- Gendered Nature of Piety. --- Historical analysis. --- Holy Kings. --- Masculine Identity. --- Masculine identity. --- Medieval England. --- Medieval society. --- Middle Ages. --- Monasticism. --- Norman France. --- Palestinian Talmud. --- Rabbis. --- Reformation. --- Religious Men. --- Religious institutions. --- Religious masculinity. --- Religious practices. --- Secular world. --- Secular. --- Siena.

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The collapse of socialism at the end of the twentieth century brought devastating changes to Mongolia. Economic shock therapy-an immediate liberalization of trade and privatization of publicly owned assets-quickly led to impoverishment, especially in rural parts of the country, where Tragic Spirits takes place. Following the travels of the nomadic Buryats, Manduhai Buyandelger tells a story not only of economic devastation but also a remarkable Buryat response to it-the revival of shamanic practices after decades of socialist suppression. Attributing their current misfortunes to returning ancestral spirits who are vengeful over being abandoned under socialism, the Buryats are now at once trying to appease their ancestors and recover the history of their people through shamanic practice. Thoroughly documenting this process, Buyandelger situates it as part of a global phenomenon, comparing the rise of shamanism in liberalized Mongolia to its similar rise in Africa and Indonesia. In doing so, she offers a sophisticated analysis of the way economics, politics, gender, and other factors influence the spirit world and the crucial workings of cultural memory.

Shamanism --- Buriats --- Neoliberalism --- Communism and religion --- Chamanisme --- Bouriates --- Néo-libéralisme --- Communisme et religion --- Religion. --- Economic conditions. --- Religious aspects --- History --- Religion --- Conditions économiques --- Aspect religieux --- Histoire --- Mongolia --- Mongolie --- Religious life and customs. --- Economic conditions --- Vie religieuse --- Religious aspects. --- History. --- Bai͡an-Uul Sum (Mongolia) --- Religion and communism --- Neo-liberalism --- Liberalism --- Buryats --- Mongols --- Religions --- shamanism, shaman, religion, faith, spirituality, religious practices, practitioner, spirit world, trances, shamanic, mongolia, contemporary, gender and sexuality, anthropology, impoverishment, poverty, government, social changes, nomads, buryats, economics, socialism, socialist, ancestral spirits, cultural memory, culture, east asia, history, liberalism, 20th century, economic conditions, customs, nation, revolution.