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There are examples aplenty in the macroscopic world that demonstrate the form of objects directing their functions and properties. On the other hand, the fabrication of extremely small objects having precisely defined structures has only recently become an attractive challenge, which is now opening the door to nanoscience and nanotechnology.In the field of synthetic polymer chemistry, a number of critical breakthroughs have been achieved during the first decade of this century to produce an important class of polymers having a variety of cyclic and multicyclic topologies. These developments no

Cyclopolymerization. --- Topology. --- Analysis situs --- Position analysis --- Rubber-sheet geometry --- Geometry --- Polyhedra --- Set theory --- Algebras, Linear --- Cyclocopolymerization --- Ring closure and formation in polymerization --- Addition polymerization --- Ring formation (Chemistry)

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A travers la biographie du haut personnage du IIIe Reich, F. Kersaudy décrit toute l'ambivalence et la complexité de H. Goering, depuis le héros de la Première Guerre mondiale jusqu'à l'artisan nazi du brigandage militaire, diplomatique et racial.

Göring, Hermann, --- Germany --- Allemagne --- Politics and government --- Politique et gouvernement --- Göring, Hermann,

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This monograph is devoted to the creation of a comprehensive formalism for quantitative description of polarized modes' linear interaction in modern single-mode optic fibers. The theory of random connections between polarized modes, developed in the monograph, allows calculations of the zero shift deviations for a fiber ring interferometer. The monograph addresses also the Sagnac effect and the Thomas precession. Devices such as gyroscopes, used in navigation and flight control, work based on this technology. Given the ever increasing market for navigation and air traffic, researchers and practitioners in research and industry need a fundamental and sound understanding of the principles. This work presents the underlying physical foundations.

Biosensors. --- Interferometry. --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Polarization (Nuclear physics) --- Diffraction. --- Navigation. --- Ring Interferometry. --- Sagnac Effect.

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A decade ago, the customisable ringtone was ubiquitous. Almost any crowd of cell phone owners could produce a carillon of tinkly, beeping, synthy, musicalised ringer signals. Ringtones quickly became a multi-billion-dollar global industry and almost as quickly faded away. This book charts the rise and fall of the ringtone economy and assesses its effect on cultural production.

Ring tones --- Cell phones --- Cell phone services industry. --- Mobile games industry. --- Internet entertainment industry. --- Digital media --- Social aspects.

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Representation theory studies maps from groups into the general linear group of a finite-dimensional vector space. For finite groups the theory comes in two distinct flavours. In the 'semisimple case' (for example over the field of complex numbers) one can use character theory to completely understand the representations. This by far is not sufficient when the characteristic of the field divides the order of the group. Modular representation theory of finite groups comprises this second situation. Many additional tools are needed for this case. To mention some, there is the systematic use of Grothendieck groups leading to the Cartan matrix and the decomposition matrix of the group as well as Green's direct analysis of indecomposable representations. There is also the strategy of writing the category of all representations as the direct product of certain subcategories, the so-called 'blocks' of the group. Brauer's work then establishes correspondences between the blocks of the original group and blocks of certain subgroups the philosophy being that one is thereby reduced to a simpler situation. In particular, one can measure how nonsemisimple a category a block is by the size and structure of its so-called 'defect group'. All these concepts are made explicit for the example of the special linear group of two-by-two matrices over a finite prime field. Although the presentation is strongly biased towards the module theoretic point of view an attempt is made to strike a certain balance by also showing the reader the group theoretic approach. In particular, in the case of defect groups a detailed proof of the equivalence of the two approaches is given. This book aims to familiarize students at the masters level with the basic results, tools, and techniques of a beautiful and important algebraic theory. Some basic algebra together with the semisimple case are assumed to be known, although all facts to be used are restated (without proofs) in the text. Otherwise the book is entirely self-contained.

Modular representations of groups. --- Finite groups. --- Groups, Finite --- Group theory --- Modules (Algebra) --- Representations of groups --- Algebra. --- Group theory. --- Associative Rings and Algebras. --- Group Theory and Generalizations. --- Groups, Theory of --- Substitutions (Mathematics) --- Algebra --- Mathematics --- Mathematical analysis --- Associative rings. --- Rings (Algebra). --- Algebraic rings --- Ring theory --- Algebraic fields --- Rings (Algebra)