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Fondée par Hérode le Grand pour devenir un port capable de rivaliser avec Alexandrie, Césarée maritime fit magnifiquement parée pour servir les desseins de ce roi bâtisseur. Débordant ses murailles primitives, la capitale de la Palestine romaine, puis byzantine, prospéra durant plusieurs siècles, jusqu'à sa conquête par les armées musulmanes au VIe siècle. Prise d'assaut durant la première croisade, la ville reçut sous Saint Louis un impressionnant corset de tours et de murailles ; faute de défenseurs, elle ne put résister aux troupes du sultan Baïbars en 1265. Détruite de tond en comble par le vainqueur, Césarée s'endormit jusqu'à la fin du XIXe siècle ; depuis plus de cinquante ans, des campagnes de dégagements et de fouilles intensives en font l'un des sites archéologiques majeurs du Proche-Orient. Quatre enceintes successives (hérodienne, byzantine, islamique ancienne et croisée) forment autant de coquilles emboîtées pour cette ville redécouverte par la fouille ; elles sont complétées vers la mer par un château et par une citadelle bâtie sur un théâtre antique. En mettant à profit les relevés et les fouilles de la mission archéologique française consacrée à ces fortifications, Jean Mesqui, spécialiste de l'architecture médiévale, et ses collègues proposent tore relecture de Césarée, témoignage unique des villes fortifiées du Proche-Orient.

Cities and towns --- Fortification --- Castles --- Urban archaeology --- Villes --- Fortifications --- Châteaux --- Archéologie urbaine --- History --- Histoire --- Caesarea (Israel) --- Césarée (Israël) --- Antiquities. --- History. --- Antiquités --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- Antiquities --- Architecture militaire --- Fouilles archéologiques --- Expéditions archéologiques --- Military architecture --- Châteaux --- Archéologie urbaine --- Césarée (Israël) --- Antiquités --- Excavations (Archaeology) - Israel - Caesarea --- Césarée de Palestine --- Caesarea (Israel) - Antiquities

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Église --- Théologie dogmatique. --- Histoire. --- Constantin --- @Concile de Nicée --- Eusebius of Caesarea --- Christianity --- Orient --- History --- 4th century --- 5th century --- 6th century --- 7th century --- 8th century --- Church history --- Dogmatic theology --- Constantine - I, - Emperor of Rome, - -337

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Situated at the crossroads of dialectology, sociolinguistics and contact linguistics, this volume provides a first comprehensive description of the morphosyntactic inventory of the variety of English spoken on Jersey, the largest of the Channel Islands. Based on a specially compiled corpus of spoken material containing both present-day sociolinguistic and archive data, it thereby reveals an intricate network of variation and change in this language-shift variety. The study adopts a cross-varietal approach for its analyses, which enables a first more systematic comparison between the Englishes spoken on Jersey, on its sister island Guernsey and beyond. In addition, it discusses the implications of identity aspects for language use in Jersey. The book will therefore be of major interest to any researcher or student working in the areas of language variation and change, language contact or dialectology and to those interested in sociolinguistic methodology and the relationships between language and identity.

English language --- Germanic languages --- Dialects --- Variation --- Foreign elements. --- Foreign elements --- E-books --- Jersey --- Languages. --- Bailía de Xersei --- Bailiazgo de Jersey --- Bailiwick of Jersey --- Bailliage dé Jèrri --- Bailliage de Jersey --- Baliato di Jersey --- Batllia de Jersey --- Bayleeaght Yersee --- Beilïaeth Jersey --- Beĭlivik Dz︠h︡ersi --- Bejlifstvo Džersi --- Caesarea --- Caesarea Insula --- Cersi --- Cēsarēa --- Chŏji Sŏm --- Džersi --- Džērsija --- Džersis --- Džerzi --- Dz︠h︡ėrsi --- Dzhersiĭy Beĭlivik --- Dzhŭrsi --- Geirsí --- G'erzi --- Illa de Jersey --- Insula Jersey --- Islla de Xerséi --- Jājī --- Jèrri --- Jersee --- Jersei --- Ĵersejo --- Jersey (Channel Islands) --- Jersey foogtkond --- Jèrseyi --- Jerseyko Bailegoa --- Jersi --- Jersin Arl --- Jerzenez --- Jīrzī --- Rychtářství Jersey --- Tōrehe --- Tzersei --- Tzersi --- Tzerzi --- Vailato tēs Yerseēs --- Vogtei Jersey --- Vostraŭ Dz︠h︡ėrsi --- Xerséi --- Xhersi --- Yerseē --- Zersei --- Zexi --- Τζέρσεϊ --- Τζέρσι --- Τζέρζι --- Υερσέη --- Ζέρσεϊ --- Βαϊλάτο της Υερσέης --- Џерси --- Џерзи --- Бејлифство Џерси --- Бейлівік Джерсі --- Востраў Джэрсі --- Джърси --- Джэрсі --- Джерси --- Джерсийы Бейливик --- Джерсі --- ג'רזי --- جيرزي --- ジャージー --- 澤西 --- 저지 섬

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The Greek philosopher Porphyry of Tyre had a reputation as the fiercest critic of Christianity. It was well-deserved: he composed (at the end the 3rd c. A.D.) fifteen discourses against the Christians, so offensive that Christian emperors ordered them to be burnt. We thus rely on the testimonies of three prominent Christian writers to know what Porphyry wrote. Scholars have long thought that we could rely on those testimonies to know Porphyry's ideas. Exploring early religious debates which still resonate today, 'Porphyry in Fragments' argues instead that Porphyry's actual thoughts became mixed with the thoughts of the Christians who preserved his ideas, as well as those of other Christian opponents.0

Christianity --- Christianisme --- Controversial literature --- Ouvrages de controverse --- Porphyry, --- 1 <38> PORPHYRIUS --- Griekse filosofie--PORPHYRIUS --- Eusebius, --- Jerome, --- Augustine, --- Caesarea, Eusebius of, --- Euseb, --- Eusèbe, --- Eusebio, --- Eusebios tou Pamphilou, --- Eusebios, --- Eusebius Pamphili, --- Eusebj Pamffil, --- Evseviĭ, --- Ewsebios Pampʻigheay, --- Qayṣarī, Yūsābiyūs, --- Yūsābiyūs al-Qaṣarī, --- Eusevios, --- Eusevios Kaisareias, --- Avgustin, Blazhennyĭ, --- Augustinus, Aurelius, --- Augustyn, --- Augustin, --- Ughasṭīnūs, --- Agostino, --- Agustí, --- Augoustinos, --- Agostino di Tagaste, --- Aurelius Augustinus, --- Augustinus, --- Agostino d'Ippona, --- Agustín, --- Aurelio Agostino, --- Episkopos Ippōnos Augoustinos --- Augoustinos Ipponos --- Agostinho, --- Aurelli Augustini, --- Augustini, Aurelli, --- Aurelii Augustini, --- Augustini, Aurelii, --- Ōgostinos, --- Agostino, Aurelio, --- אוגוסטינוס הקדוש --- أغسطينوس، --- 奥古斯丁 --- Agustín de Hipona --- San Agustín --- Augustin d'Hippone --- Pseudo-Augustinus --- Gerolamo, --- Gérome, --- Gerónimo, --- Girolamo, --- Heronimos, --- Hieronim, --- Hieronymus, Eusebius, --- Hieronymus, --- Hieronymus, Sophronius Eusebius, --- Hieronymus, Stridonensis, --- Ieronim, Stridonskiĭ, --- Iheronimus, --- Jerónimo, --- Jerōnimos, --- 1 <38> PORPHYRIUS Griekse filosofie--PORPHYRIUS --- Episkopos Ippōnos Augoustinos, --- Augoustinos Ipponos, --- Avgustin, --- Jeronimi, --- Augustinus, Aurelius --- Agostinho --- Augustine of Hippo --- Augustine d'Hippone --- Agostino d'Ippona --- Augustinus Hipponensis, sanctus --- Sant'Agostino --- Augustinus van Hippo --- Aurelius Augustinus --- Aurelio Agostino --- 聖アウグスティヌス --- アウグスティヌス --- Augustine

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Covering Portugal and Castile in the West to the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem in the East, this collection focuses on Muslim minorities living in Christian lands during the high Middle Ages, and examines to what extent notions of religious tolerance influenced Muslim-Christian relations. The authors call into question the applicability of modern ideas of toleration to medieval social relations, investigating the situation instead from the standpoint of human experience within the two religious cultures. Whereas this study offers no evidence of an evolution of coherent policy concerning treatment of minorities in these Christian domains, it does reveal how religious ideas and communitarian traditions worked together to blunt the harsh realities of the relations between victors and vanquished.The chapters in this volume include "The Mudejars of Castile and Portugal in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries" by Joseph F. O'Callaghan, "Muslims in the Thirteenth-Century Realms of Aragon: Interactions and Reaction" by Robert I. Burns, S.J., "The End of Muslim Sicily" by David S. H. Abulafia, "The Subjected Muslims of the Frankish Levant" by Benjamin Z. Kedar, and "The Papacy and the Muslim Frontier" by James M. Powell.Originally published in 1990.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Christianity and other religions --- Islam --- Muslims --- Mohammedans --- Moors (People) --- Moslems --- Muhammadans --- Musalmans --- Mussalmans --- Mussulmans --- Mussulmen --- Religious adherents --- Islam. --- Relations --- Christianity. --- History. --- Latin Orient. --- East, Latin --- Latin East --- Orient, Latin --- Islamic Empire --- Middle East --- Orient --- Latin Empire, 1204-1261 --- History --- 1st century. --- Abbasid Caliphate. --- Al-Andalus. --- Al-Maqrizi. --- Al-Mu'tamid. --- Alfonso VI. --- Alfonso X of Castile. --- Aljama. --- Almohad Caliphate. --- Amalric of Jerusalem. --- Arab culture. --- Arabic name. --- Arabic. --- Arabist. --- Battle of Muret. --- Bernard Crick. --- Caesarea. --- Caliphate of Córdoba. --- Canon law. --- Christian martyrs. --- Christian state. --- Church History (Eusebius). --- Conquest of Majorca. --- Constantine the Great. --- Continental Europe. --- Early Muslim conquests. --- Emirate of Granada. --- Eritrea. --- Fatimid Caliphate. --- Freeman (Colonial). --- Friar. --- Guido delle Colonne. --- Hanbali. --- Hebrew University of Jerusalem. --- Henricus. --- High Middle Ages. --- Hugh of Cluny. --- Iberian Peninsula. --- Ibn Arabi. --- Ibn Hud. --- Ibn Jubayr. --- Ibn Sab'in. --- International Institute of Islamic Thought. --- Islam and the West. --- Islam by country. --- Islam in Spain. --- Islamic culture. --- Islamic revival. --- Islamism. --- Judea (Roman province). --- Kingdom of Seville. --- Knights Hospitaller. --- Late Middle Ages. --- Latifundium. --- Latin Church. --- Latin Rule. --- Latin alphabet. --- Latins (Italic tribe). --- Lucera. --- Maarrat al-Nu'man. --- Modern Standard Arabic. --- Mongols. --- Moors. --- Mozarabs. --- Mudéjar. --- Muslim Brotherhood. --- Muslim world. --- Muslim. --- Muslims (nationality). --- Musulman. --- Names of God in Islam. --- New Latin. --- Oriental Orthodoxy. --- Peter the Venerable. --- Pope Boniface VIII. --- Pope Gelasius I. --- Pope Gregory IX. --- Pope Gregory VII. --- Pope Gregory VIII. --- Pope Paschal II. --- Pope Urban II. --- Pope. --- Primate (bishop). --- Principality of Antioch. --- Quran. --- Reconquista. --- Religion. --- Roman Rite. --- Sasanian Empire. --- Sicilia (Roman province). --- Sufism. --- Sunni Islam. --- Syria Palaestina. --- Templar of Tyre. --- Universal jurisdiction. --- Visigothic Code. --- Western Christianity. --- Westernization.