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The second edition of "The Chemistry of the Superheavy Elements" provides a complete coverage of the chemistry of a series of elements beginning with atomic number 104 – the transactinides or superheavy elements – including their nuclear properties and production in nuclear reactions at heavy-ion accelerators. The contributors to this work include many renowned scientists who, during the last decades, have made vast contributions towards understanding the physics and chemistry of these elusive elements, both experimentally and theoretically. The main emphasis here is on demonstrating the fascinating studies involved in probing the architecture of the Periodic Table at its uppermost end, where relativistic effects drastically influence chemical properties. All known chemical properties of these elements are described together with the experimental techniques applied to study these short-lived man-made elements one atom-at-a-time. The status of theoretical chemistry and of empirical models is presented as well as aspects of nuclear physics. In addition, one chapter outlines the meanderings in this field from a historical perspective and the search for superheavy elements in Nature.

Chemistry. --- Nuclear chemistry. --- Nuclear physics. --- Physical organic chemistry. --- Chemistry, Nuclear --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Atomic nuclei --- Atoms, Nuclei of --- Nucleus of the atom --- Physical chemistry. --- Heavy ions. --- Hadrons. --- Nuclear Chemistry. --- Nuclear Physics, Heavy Ions, Hadrons. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Chemistry, Organic --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Physical sciences --- Physics --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Chemistry --- Ions --- Superheavy elements.

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Amit Agarwal’s thesis reports a substantial contribution to the microscopic simulation of radiation chemical reactions. In his research Agarwal extends existing models to further understand scavenging, spin and relaxation effects. This research has advanced the development of both the Monte Carlo Random Flights and the Independent Reaction Times (IRT) simulation tools. Particular highlights are the extension of these tools to include both the spin-exchange interaction and spin relaxation, both of which are influential in radiolytic systems where many reactions are spin-controlled. In addition, the study has led to the discovery of a novel correlation of the scavenging rate with the recombination time in low permittivity solvents. This finding goes against existing assumptions underlying the theory of diffusion kinetics while still being accommodated in the IRT method which demonstrates the power of this unconventional approach. The work in this thesis can be applied to a wide number of fields including the nuclear industry, medicine, food treatment, polymer curing, the preparation of nano-colloids, power generation and waste disposal.

Radiation chemistry. --- Nuclear chemistry. --- Chemical kinetics. --- Chemistry, Nuclear --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Chemical effects of radiation --- Radiation induced chemical reactions --- Radiolysis --- Chemical reaction, Kinetics of --- Chemical reaction, Rate of --- Chemical reaction, Velocity of --- Chemical reaction rate --- Chemical reaction velocity --- Kinetics, Chemical --- Rate of chemical reaction --- Reaction rate (Chemistry) --- Velocity of chemical reaction --- Chemical affinity --- Reactivity (Chemistry) --- Chemistry. --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Nuclear Chemistry. --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Physical sciences --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical. --- Physical chemistry. --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Chemistry

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This book focuses on the latest reactor concepts, single pass core and experimental findings in thermal hydraulics, materials, corrosion, and water chemistry. It highlights research on supercritical-pressure light water cooled reactors (SCWRs), one of the Generation IV reactors that are studied around the world. This book includes cladding material development and experimental findings on heat transfer, corrosion, and water chemistry. The work presented here will help readers to understand the fundamental elements of reactor design and analysis methods, thermal hydraulics, materials, and water chemistry of supercritical water used as a coolant in nuclear power reactors. It will also help readers to broaden their understanding of fundamental elements of light water cooled reactor technologies and the evolution of reactor concepts.

Light water reactors. --- Fast reactors. --- Reactors, Light water --- Nuclear reactors --- Water cooled reactors --- Chemistry, inorganic. --- Nuclear physics. --- Nuclear chemistry. --- Nuclear Energy. --- Tribology, Corrosion and Coatings. --- Nuclear Physics, Heavy Ions, Hadrons. --- Energy Systems. --- Nuclear Chemistry. --- Chemistry, Nuclear --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Atomic nuclei --- Atoms, Nuclei of --- Nucleus of the atom --- Physics --- Inorganic chemistry --- Chemistry --- Inorganic compounds --- Nuclear energy. --- Tribology. --- Corrosion and anti-corrosives. --- Coatings. --- Heavy ions. --- Energy systems. --- Ions --- Surface coatings --- Materials --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Coating processes --- Thin films --- Anti-corrosive paint --- Atmospheric corrosion --- Metal corrosion --- Metals --- Rust --- Rustless coatings --- Chemical inhibitors --- Chemistry, Technical --- Fouling --- Weathering --- Paint --- Protective coatings --- Waterproofing --- Friction --- Atomic energy --- Atomic power --- Energy, Atomic --- Energy, Nuclear --- Nuclear power --- Power, Atomic --- Power, Nuclear --- Force and energy --- Nuclear physics --- Power resources --- Nuclear engineering --- Nuclear facilities --- Nuclear power plants --- Corrosion --- Deterioration --- Surfaces

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This book provides comprehensive research findings related to the environmental monitoring of radiation, levels of radioactive nuclides in various environments, and dose estimation in residents after the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident caused severe environmental contamination with radioactive nuclides. At the beginning of the book, a technical review written by a leading researcher of nuclear reactor technology explains what happened at the power plant. The review is followed by a commentary from a former member of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, providing the reader with easily understandable information about the concept of radiation dosage. In the main part of the book, a series of scientific reports presents valuable data on the radiation surveys of the environment, environmental radioactivity, transfer models and parameters of radioactive nuclides, and dose assessment among residents. These reports present a wide range of findings from the research carried out in a variety of activities by large governmental organizations as well as by small private groups and individuals. The reader thus will find a large collection of valuable and interesting data related to the environmental contamination by radioactive nuclides after the Fukushima accident. Although earlier reports on this issue have been made public, this book is the only publication to fully depict the actual situation by providing comprehensive data obtained by diverse organizations and individuals.

Risk Management --- Environmental Monitoring --- Radiologic Health --- Air Pollution --- Safety --- Water Pollution --- Radiometry --- Organization and Administration --- Radiation --- Environmental Pollution --- Health Services Administration --- Public Health --- Accident Prevention --- Electromagnetic Phenomena --- Public Health Practice --- Investigative Techniques --- Health Care --- Environment and Public Health --- Accidents --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Physical Phenomena --- Phenomena and Processes --- Radiation Monitoring --- Safety Management --- Water Pollution, Radioactive --- Radiation Dosage --- Air Pollution, Radioactive --- Physics --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Environmental Sciences --- Nuclear Physics --- Nuclear reactors --- Radioactive pollution --- Measurement. --- Safety measures. --- Physiological effect --- Environmental radioactivity --- Nuclear pollution --- Radioactivity, Environmental --- Radiation monitoring --- Environment. --- Nuclear energy. --- Nuclear chemistry. --- Radiation protection. --- Environmental health. --- Water pollution. --- Effects of Radiation/Radiation Protection. --- Environmental Health. --- Nuclear Energy. --- Waste Water Technology / Water Pollution Control / Water Management / Aquatic Pollution. --- Nuclear Chemistry. --- Aquatic pollution --- Fresh water --- Fresh water pollution --- Freshwater pollution --- Inland water pollution --- Lake pollution --- Lakes --- Reservoirs --- River pollution --- Rivers --- Stream pollution --- Water contamination --- Water pollutants --- Water pollution --- Pollution --- Waste disposal in rivers, lakes, etc. --- Environmental quality --- Health --- Health ecology --- Public health --- Environmental engineering --- Health risk assessment --- Radiation protection --- Chemistry, Nuclear --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Atomic energy --- Atomic power --- Energy, Atomic --- Energy, Nuclear --- Nuclear power --- Power, Atomic --- Power, Nuclear --- Force and energy --- Nuclear physics --- Power resources --- Nuclear engineering --- Nuclear facilities --- Nuclear power plants --- Health aspects --- Environmental aspects --- Radioactive substances --- Radioecology --- Radioactive waste disposal --- Electromagnetic measurements --- Environmental protection. --- Environmental Medicine. --- Environmental pollution. --- Chemical pollution --- Chemicals --- Contamination of environment --- Environmental pollution --- Contamination (Technology) --- Asbestos abatement --- Bioremediation --- Factory and trade waste --- Hazardous waste site remediation --- Hazardous wastes --- In situ remediation --- Lead abatement --- Pollutants --- Refuse and refuse disposal --- Environmental quality management --- Protection of environment --- Environmental sciences --- Applied ecology --- Environmental policy --- Fukushima Nuclear Disaster, Japan, 2011. --- Radiation dosimetry. --- Dosimetry --- Nuclear counters --- Fukushima I Nuclear Disaster, Japan, 2011 --- Fukushima II Nuclear Disaster, Japan, 2011 --- Fukushima Accident, Japan, 2011 --- Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster, Japan, 2011 --- Fukushima Daini Nuclear Disaster, Japan, 2011 --- Fukushima Disaster, Japan, 2011 --- Fukushima Nuclear Accident, Japan, 2011 --- Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami, Japan, 2011 --- Dosage --- Measurement --- Radiation—Safety measures. --- Natural resources. --- Urban ecology (Biology). --- Industrial management—Environmental aspects. --- Sustainable development. --- Natural Resources. --- Urban Ecology. --- Sustainability Management. --- Sustainable Development.