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Concrete dams --- Dam failures --- Dam safety

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Bankruptcy --- Financial institutions --- Bank failures --- Business failures --- Derivative securities --- Government policy

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Aircraft safety. --- Aircraft accidents. --- Civil aviation. --- Aircraft control. --- System failures.

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CMOS chips are becoming increasingly important in computer circuitry. They have been widely used during the past decade, and they will continue to grow in popularity in those application areas that demand high performance. Challenging the prevailing opinion that circuit simulation can reveal all problems in CMOS circuits, Masakazu Shoji maintains that simulation cannot completely remove the often costly errors that occur in circuit design. To address the failure modes of these circuits more fully, he presents a new approach to CMOS circuit design based on his systematizing of circuit design error and his unique theory of CMOS digital circuit operation. In analyzing CMOS digital circuits, the author focuses not on effects originating from the characteristics of the device (MOSFET) but on those arising from their connection. This emphasis allows him to formulate a powerful but ultimately simple theory explaining the effects of connectivity by using a concept of the states of the circuits, called microstates. Shoji introduces microstate sequence diagrams that describe the state changes (or the circuit connectivity changes), and he uses his microstate theory to analyze many of the conventional CMOS digital circuits. These analyses are practically all in closed-form, and they provide easy physical interpretation of the circuit's working mechanisms, the parametric dependence of performance, and the circuit's failure modes.Originally published in 1992.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Metal oxide semiconductors, Complementary. --- Semiconductors --- Digital integrated circuits --- Failures in semiconductors --- System failures (Engineering) --- CMOS (Electronics) --- Complementary metal oxide semiconductors --- Semiconductors, Complementary metal oxide --- Digital electronics --- Logic circuits --- Transistor-transistor logic circuits --- Failures. --- Design and construction --- Data processing.

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Sponsored by the Structural Engineering Institute of ASCE This report describes an investigation into nearly 500 roof collapses and snow-related roof problems that occurred in the northeastern United States during the winter of 2010.2011. The key issue is whether the collapses and poor roof performance were the result of snow loads exceeding what was prescribed in building codes or of structural capacity that was significantly less than required by the building codes. Weather data from Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York, and Rhode Island is examined, along with case studies of snow-related roof problems derived from databases of three states and five engineering firms. The ground snow loads set out in ASCE 7, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, are summarized and assessed in comparison with actual ground snow loads. The nominally uniform roof snow loads recommended in ASCE 7 are evaluated in case studies and compared for heated and unheated structures. Drift loads from ASCE 7 are also described and evaluated for leeward roof step drifts, gable roof drifts, and snow flux. Appendixes present weather data tables, case study databases, and drift load calculation tables. The analysis and findings in this report are important to structural engineers, architects, building code officials, owners, and construction professionals working in areas subject to significant snowfall.

Building failures --- Rooftop construction --- Snow loads --- Roofs --- Load factors --- Standards and codes --- Snow --- Building codes --- Case studies --- Roof failures --- United States --- Connecticut --- Massachusetts --- New York --- Rhode Island