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This volume provides a set of reviews dedicated to the biology of Interleukin (IL)-10. It includes chapters on its importance for maintaining immune homeostasis in humans, its role in intestinal immunity and its functions during viral and bacterial infections. In addition, it presents reviews on the mechanisms linking innate microbial recognition to the production of IL-10 and on how IL-10 recognition by its receptor functions. The roles of T and B cells as relevant sources of IL-10 are also discussed, with an emphasis on the clinical opportunities offered by IL-10-producing Tr1 cells for the suppression of unwanted immunity. Finally, the functions of other cytokines of the IL-10 family are presented. Collectively, these articles provide a comprehensive overview of our current knowledge on one of the most important anti-inflammatory cytokines known to date.

Interleukin-10. --- IL-10 (Biomolecule) --- Interleukins --- Immunology. --- Cytokines. --- Medicine. --- Cytokines and Growth Factors. --- Molecular Medicine. --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Cellular immunity --- Immune response --- Immunobiology --- Serology --- Regulation --- Health Workforce --- Growth factors. --- Molecular biology. --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biochemistry --- Biophysics --- Biomolecules --- Systems biology --- Cell growth factors --- Cellular growth factors --- Growth peptides --- Growth promoting substances --- Growth substances --- Peptide growth factors --- Peptide regulatory factors --- Polypeptide growth factors --- Cytokines --- Peptides --- Medicine --- Biology --- Biomedical Research. --- Research. --- Biological research --- Biomedical research

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The information given in this book tries to capture the essence of the sheer dynamicity of the cell along with useful tips on how to address critical rate limiting steps in the process of exploration and investigation of its capacity to regenerate, rebuild and replenish from within. The definitions of stem cells, stemness, and the niche concept continue to undergo revisions. In adult vertebrates, hematopoietic and some non-hematopoietic progenitors are synthesized within specialized niches of bone marrow. They migrate to designated tissues, and are either trans-differentiated or become quiescent and settle down. These form the stem cell niche reservoir in all tissues. Not only the primary hematopoietic tissue but all organs and tissues are also capable of generating progenitors which are either synthesized from these migrants or are direct recruits from other tissues. In the niches, the cells settle down and await their turn to either make more clones like themselves or differentiate and mobilize in an exigency. Thus progenitors are important reserves, to be multiplied and deployed or travel as important message bearing molecules via blood as circulating progenitors which can home to their allocated destinations. Upon reaching, specific integrins and selectins help them “dock” and “port” and they may be reprogrammed to induce further differentiation and help repopulate the denuded tissue. In pulmonary fibrosis and asthma, progenitors from both systemic circulation and local stem cell niches have been found to participate in the myriad ramifications of repair, replacement and regeneration of lost or diseased tissue. Whether they are lung specific or global in origin and role remain to be explored. Research tools, fundamental concepts, techniques, methodologies and standard operating protocols and animal models and human extrapolations, have been discussed in a concise way along with detailed description and discussion on the appropriate rationale to introduce the subject to the casual reader and provide valuable tactical information to the specialist in Regenerative Medicine. I sincerely hope you enjoy the work and appreciate the hard work that has gone into designing and executing elegant experiments by many researchers in the field. The branch is multi-disciplinary and I hope that the readers will not be limited to biologists alone.  .

Regenerative medicine. --- Stem cells. --- Colony-forming units (Cells) --- Mother cells --- Progenitor cells --- Cells --- Medicine --- Regeneration (Biology) --- Molecular ecology. --- Cytokines. --- Cytology --- Laboratory animals. --- Stem Cells. --- Molecular Ecology. --- Cytokines and Growth Factors. --- Biological Techniques. --- Animal Models. --- Research --- Methodology. --- Animals, Experimental --- Animals, Laboratory --- Animals in research --- Experimental animals --- Lab animals --- Animal culture --- Laboratory organisms --- Working animals --- Animal experimentation --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cytologists --- Cellular immunity --- Immune response --- Ecology --- Molecular biology --- Regulation --- Molecular aspects --- Growth factors. --- Biology—Technique. --- Animal models in research. --- Biological models --- Laboratory animals --- Cell growth factors --- Cellular growth factors --- Growth peptides --- Growth promoting substances --- Growth substances --- Peptide growth factors --- Peptide regulatory factors --- Polypeptide growth factors --- Cytokines --- Peptides

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It has been generally accepted that angiogenesis is involved in the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies, like acute and chronic leukemia, lymphoma, myelodysplastic syndromes, myeloproliferative neoplasms and multiple myeloma. The extent of angiogenesis in the bone marrow has been correlated with disease burden, prognosis and treatment outcome. Reciprocal positive and negative interactions between tumor cells and bone marrow stromal cells, namely hematopoietic stem cells, fibroblasts, osteoblasts/osteoclasts, endothelial cells, endothelial progenitor cells, T cells, macrophages and mast cells, mediated by an array of cytokines, receptors and adhesion molecules, modulate the angiogenic response in hematological tumors. More recently, it has been emphasized the pro-angiogenic role of the so called “vascular niche”, indicating a site rich in blood vessels where endothelial cells and mural cells such as pericytes and smooth muscle cells create a microenvironment that affects the behavior of several stem and progenitor cells, in hematological malignancies.

Growth factors --Physiological effect -- Congresses. --- Neovascularization -- Congresses. --- Neovascularization. --- Leukemia --- Neovascularization --- Neovascularization inhibitors --- Angiogenesis Modulating Agents --- Diseases --- Hematologic Diseases --- Neoplasms by Site --- Metaplasia --- Antineoplastic Agents --- Growth Inhibitors --- Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases --- Growth Substances --- Pathologic Processes --- Therapeutic Uses --- Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms --- Pharmacologic Actions --- Physiological Effects of Drugs --- Chemical Actions and Uses --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Angiogenesis Inhibitors --- Hematologic Neoplasms --- Neoplasms --- Neovascularization, Pathologic --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Oncology --- Therapeutic use --- Hematological oncology. --- Angiogenesis Inducing Agents. --- Tumors --- Blood-vessels. --- Cancer --- Blood-vessels --- Medicine. --- Cancer research. --- Hematology. --- Oncology. --- Life sciences. --- Biomedicine. --- Cancer Research. --- Life Sciences, general. --- Hematology --- Oncology  . --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Haematology --- Internal medicine --- Blood --- Cancer research

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“Perspectives in Inflammation Biology” outlines detailed studies using preclinical murine models in Inflammation. The book is meant for academicians, industry persons, research scholars and students alike. The detailed perspective for a beginner and the exhaustive methodologies and analyses outlined, for the veteran researcher, makes this book a unique link between someone who is thinking of embarking on a study of inflammation and one who is delving deep into this area of specialization. The book deals with asthma and allergy as specific disease areas of inflammation of the lung, aseptic peritonitis as a disease of systemic inflammation and details how each role player in its pathophysiology has a unique niche of activity. Data acquisition, sequentiality and analyses in context demonstrate how each role player is validated systematically to become a target for drug discovery. Methods and models used in the course of my work and their relevance will demonstrate to the researcher how a study can be developed from an idea. Further into a researcher’s ongoing work, this book is meant to stimulate new questions and pave ways for better dissection of a phenomenon. The highlights of this book are the detailed tables tabulating sub species of immune cells, their inflammatory recruitment indices, their translation into tissue-to-tissue traffic of the inflammatory stimulus and the delicate interplay of resident structural cells, cells recruited from circulation, their feedback poiesis in bone marrow, their instruction in the lymphoid organs and tissues as well as the non-cellular mediators synthesized from corresponding genetic instruction. The book shall definitely help students and researchers how a disease can be simplified from its complex ramifications and network of implications and put back into perspective and the whole thing falls into place without an intimate understanding of the mechanism and the compelling circumstances that causes a disease, a drug hunter cannot hope to begin her quest. To find the “Achilles’ heel” and effectively neutralize the enemy!

Asthma. --- Inflammation. --- Inflammatory process --- Bronchial asthma --- Life sciences. --- Cytokines. --- Growth factors. --- Cell biology. --- Stem cells. --- Microbial ecology. --- Animal models in research. --- Biology --- Life Sciences. --- Cell Biology. --- Stem Cells. --- Microbial Ecology. --- Cytokines and Growth Factors. --- Biological Techniques. --- Animal Models. --- Technique. --- Bronchi --- Lungs --- Respiratory allergy --- Pathology --- Anti-inflammatory agents --- Diseases --- Diseases, Obstructive --- Cytology. --- Cytology --- Laboratory animals. --- Research --- Methodology. --- Animals, Experimental --- Animals, Laboratory --- Animals in research --- Experimental animals --- Lab animals --- Animal culture --- Laboratory organisms --- Working animals --- Animal experimentation --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Colony-forming units (Cells) --- Mother cells --- Progenitor cells --- Cellular immunity --- Immune response --- Environmental microbiology --- Microorganisms --- Ecology --- Microbiology --- Regulation --- Biology—Technique. --- Biological models --- Laboratory animals --- Cell growth factors --- Cellular growth factors --- Growth peptides --- Growth promoting substances --- Growth substances --- Peptide growth factors --- Peptide regulatory factors --- Polypeptide growth factors --- Cytokines --- Peptides

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Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) has gained tremendous popularity in recent years as a treatment option for specialties including Orthopedics, Dentistry, Sports Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology, Neurosurgery, Ophthalmology, Urology, Vascular, Cardiothoracic and Maxillofacial Surgery, and Veterinarian Medicine. Nowadays, PRP and Stem Cell Science have added an exciting dimension to tissue repair. This book begins by giving the reader a broad overview of current progress as well as a discussion of the technical aspects of preparation and therapeutic use of autologous PRP. It is followed by a review of platelet structure, function and major growth factors in PRP (PDGF and TGFβ).The third chapter outlines the basic principles of biochemical cellular metabolism that increases the efficacy of PRP. Analogous to the preparation of soil for a garden, restoring cellular health should be the first consideration in Regenerative Medicine. Standardization of PRP preparation to clinical use still remains a challenging prospect. In this sense, a feasible strategy for studying PRP preparation is illustrated, which also allows to modulate and tailor the quality of PRP for further clinical applications. The science behind PRP and stem cells, on tissue regeneration, cell proliferation and mesenchyme stem-cells are emphasized and reviewed. Various specific uses of PRP are described with detailed illustrations of various personal experiences mainly in orthopedic injuries, ligament and tend on repair, degenerative diseases, sports medicine, chronic wound healing as well as rehabilitation aspects in tendinopathy. Expertly written by leading scientists in the field, this book provides for beginners and experienced readers scientific fundamentals, the state of art of PRP, specific uses and personal experiences with a practical approach and reference for current trends in use. Finally, this book paves the way for future developments.

Regenerative medicine. --- Blood platelets. --- Blood plasma. --- Blood --- Plasma (Blood) --- Platelets --- Thrombocytes --- Plasma --- Engineering. --- Sports medicine. --- Cytokines. --- Growth factors. --- Biomedical engineering. --- Biomedical Engineering. --- Cytokines and Growth Factors. --- Sports Medicine. --- Biomedicine general. --- Clinical engineering --- Medical engineering --- Bioengineering --- Biophysics --- Engineering --- Medicine --- Cell growth factors --- Cellular growth factors --- Growth peptides --- Growth promoting substances --- Growth substances --- Peptide growth factors --- Peptide regulatory factors --- Polypeptide growth factors --- Cytokines --- Peptides --- Cellular immunity --- Immune response --- Athletic medicine --- Athletics --- Medicine and sports --- Physical education and training --- Sports --- Sports sciences --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Regulation --- Medical aspects --- Serum --- Blood cells --- Megakaryocytes --- Regeneration (Biology) --- Medicine. --- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering. --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Health Workforce --- Biomedicine, general. --- Blood platelets --- Plasma exchange (Therapeutics) --- Orthopedics. --- Transfusion.