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Die Grundidee dieses einführenden Lehrbuchs ist eine einheitliche Darstellung der Kern- und Teilchenphysik aus experimenteller Sicht. Im ersten Teil wird die komplex aufgebaute Materie der Atomkerne und Nukleonen auf einige wenige elementare Bausteine und fundamentale Wechselwirkungen zurückgeführt. Der zweite Teil behandelt den Aufbau von Hadronen und Kernen aus diesen Grundbausteinen sowie die Kernmaterie bei hohen Temperaturen und die Rolle von Kern- und Teilchenphysik bei astrophysikalischen Vorgängen. Es wird deutlich gemacht, dass Komplexität, die aus der Vielkörperwechselwirkung entsteht, in immer größerem Maße die Gesetzmäßigkeiten der zusammengesetzten Systeme bestimmt.   In der neuen Auflage wurde der Text vieler Kapitel gründlich überarbeitet, erweitert und aktualisiert. Behandelt werden nun unter anderem auch der experimentelle Nachweis des Higgs-Teilchens am LHC, neueste Ergebnisse zur Neutrinophysik und zur Verletzung der CP-Symmetrie beim Zerfall neutraler B-Mesonen, die experimentelle Untersuchung der inneren Spin-Struktur des Nukleons und herausragende Ergebnisse der HERA-Experimente zur tiefinelastischen Streuung von Elektronen und Positronen am Proton. Das in straffem und klarem Stil abgefasste Lehrbuch eignet sich gut als Begleittext zu einführenden Vorlesungen an Hochschulen.

Nuclear physics. --- Heavy ions. --- Particle and Nuclear Physics. --- Nuclear Physics, Heavy Ions, Hadrons.

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Although used with increasing frequency in many branches of physics, random matrix ensembles are not always sufficiently specific to account for important features of the physical system at hand. One refinement which retains the basic stochastic approach but allows for such features consists in the use of embedded ensembles.  The present text is an exhaustive introduction to and survey of this important field. Starting with an easy-to-read introduction to general random matrix theory, the text then develops the necessary concepts from the beginning, accompanying the reader to the frontiers of present-day research. With some notable exceptions, to date these ensembles have primarily been applied in nuclear spectroscopy. A characteristic example is the use of a random two-body interaction in the framework of the nuclear shell model. Yet, topics in atomic physics, mesoscopic physics, quantum information science and statistical mechanics of isolated finite quantum systems can also be addressed using these ensembles. This book addresses graduate students and researchers with an interest in applications of random matrix theory to the modeling of more complex physical systems and interactions, with applications such as statistical spectroscopy in mind.   .

Mathematical physics. --- Quantum theory. --- Random matrices. --- Physical mathematics --- Physics --- Matrices, Random --- Matrices --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Mathematics --- Nuclear physics. --- Quantum Physics. --- Mathematical Applications in the Physical Sciences. --- Nuclear Physics, Heavy Ions, Hadrons. --- Mathematical Methods in Physics. --- Atomic nuclei --- Atoms, Nuclei of --- Nucleus of the atom --- Quantum physics. --- Heavy ions. --- Physics. --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Ions

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The second edition of "The Chemistry of the Superheavy Elements" provides a complete coverage of the chemistry of a series of elements beginning with atomic number 104 – the transactinides or superheavy elements – including their nuclear properties and production in nuclear reactions at heavy-ion accelerators. The contributors to this work include many renowned scientists who, during the last decades, have made vast contributions towards understanding the physics and chemistry of these elusive elements, both experimentally and theoretically. The main emphasis here is on demonstrating the fascinating studies involved in probing the architecture of the Periodic Table at its uppermost end, where relativistic effects drastically influence chemical properties. All known chemical properties of these elements are described together with the experimental techniques applied to study these short-lived man-made elements one atom-at-a-time. The status of theoretical chemistry and of empirical models is presented as well as aspects of nuclear physics. In addition, one chapter outlines the meanderings in this field from a historical perspective and the search for superheavy elements in Nature.

Chemistry. --- Nuclear chemistry. --- Nuclear physics. --- Physical organic chemistry. --- Chemistry, Nuclear --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Atomic nuclei --- Atoms, Nuclei of --- Nucleus of the atom --- Physical chemistry. --- Heavy ions. --- Hadrons. --- Nuclear Chemistry. --- Nuclear Physics, Heavy Ions, Hadrons. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Chemistry, Organic --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Physical sciences --- Physics --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Chemistry --- Ions --- Superheavy elements.

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This dissertation focuses on the calculation of transport coefficients in the matter created in a relativistic heavy-ion collision after chemical freeze-out. This matter can be well approximated using a pion gas out of equilibrium. We describe the theoretical framework needed to obtain the shear and bulk viscosities, the thermal and electrical conductivities and the flavor diffusion coefficients of a meson gas at low temperatures. To describe the interactions of the degrees of freedom, we use effective field theories with chiral and heavy quark symmetries. We subsequently introduce the unitarization methods in order to obtain a scattering amplitude that satisfies the unitarity condition exactly, then go on to calculate the transport properties of the low-temperature phase of quantum chromodynamics - the hadronic medium - which can be used in hydrodynamic simulations of a relativistic heavy-ion collision and its subsequent evolution. We show that the shear viscosity over entropy density exhibits a minimum in a phase transition by studying this coefficient in atomic Argon (around the liquid-gas phase transition) and in the linear sigma model in the limit of a large number of scalar fields (which presents a chiral phase transition). Finally, we provide an experimental method for estimating the bulk viscosity in relativistic heavy-ion collisions by performing correlations of the fluctuating components of the stress-energy tensor.

Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Quantum chromodynamics. --- Chromodynamics, Quantum --- QCD (Nuclear physics) --- Elementary particles (Physics) --- High energy physics --- Nuclear particles --- Nucleons --- Physics. --- Thermodynamics. --- Nuclear physics. --- Heavy ions. --- Hadrons. --- Low temperature physics. --- Low temperatures. --- Nuclear Physics, Heavy Ions, Hadrons. --- Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics. --- Low Temperature Physics. --- Quantum electrodynamics --- Nuclear physics --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Dynamics --- Mechanics --- Physics --- Heat --- Heat-engines --- Quantum theory --- Atomic nuclei --- Atoms, Nuclei of --- Nucleus of the atom --- Mathematical physics. --- Cryogenics --- Low temperature physics --- Temperatures, Low --- Temperature --- Cold --- Physical mathematics --- Ions --- Mathematics

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This textbook explains the experimental basics, effects  and theory of nuclear physics. It supports learning and teaching with numerous worked examples, questions and problems with answers. Numerous tables and diagrams help to better understand the explanations. A better feeling to the subject of the book is given with sketches about the historical development of nuclear physics. The main topics of this book include the phenomena associated with passage of charged particles and radiation through matter which are related to nuclear resonance fluorescence and the Moessbauer effect., Gamov’s theory of alpha decay, Fermi theory of beta decay, electron capture and gamma decay. The discussion of general properties of nuclei covers nuclear sizes and nuclear force, nuclear spin, magnetic dipole moment and electric quadrupole moment. Nuclear instability against various modes of decay and Yukawa theory are explained. Nuclear models such as Fermi Gas Model, Shell Model, Liquid Drop Model, Collective Model and Optical Model are outlined to explain various experimental facts related to nuclear structure. Heavy ion reactions, including nuclear fusion, are explained. Nuclear fission and fusion power production is treated elaborately.

Physics. --- Nuclear physics. --- Heavy ions. --- Hadrons. --- Elementary particles (Physics). --- Quantum field theory. --- Nuclear Physics, Heavy Ions, Hadrons. --- Elementary Particles, Quantum Field Theory. --- Quantum theory. --- Atomic nuclei --- Atoms, Nuclei of --- Nucleus of the atom --- Physics --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Relativistic quantum field theory --- Field theory (Physics) --- Quantum theory --- Relativity (Physics) --- Elementary particles (Physics) --- High energy physics --- Nuclear particles --- Nucleons --- Nuclear physics --- Ions