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This volume collects 22 papers presented at the 4th International Symposium of the ICA Commission on the History of Cartography, held at Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary, on 28-29 June 2012. The overall conference theme is 'Exploration - Discovery - Cartography', but preference has been given to papers dealing with cartography in the 19th and 20th centuries.  The papers are classified according to regional sub-themes, i.e. papers on the Americas, papers on Africa, etc.

Geography --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Cartography --- Mathematical geography. --- History --- Geography, Mathematical --- Geography. --- Geographical information systems. --- Geographical Information Systems/Cartography. --- Geographical information systems --- GIS (Information systems) --- Information storage and retrieval systems --- Cosmography --- Earth sciences --- World history --- Astronomical geography --- Geodesy --- Geographical positions

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Acquired by the Bodleian Library in 2002, the Book of Curiosities is now recognized as one of the most important discoveries in the history of cartography in recent decades. This eleventh-century Arabic treatise, composed in Egypt under the Fatimid caliphs, is a detailed account of the heavens and the Earth, illustrated by an unparalleled series of maps and astronomical diagrams. With topics ranging from comets to the island of Sicily, from lunar mansions to the sources of the Nile, it represents the extent of geographical, astronomical and astrological knowledge of the time. This authoritative edition and translation, accompanied by a colour facsimile reproduction, opens a unique window onto the worldview of medieval Islam. An extensive glossary of star-names and seven indices, on birds, animals and other items have been added for easy reference.

Cosmography --- Geography --- Cartography --- Astronomy, Medieval. --- Cosmographie --- Géographie --- Cartographie --- Astronomie médiévale --- Early works to 1800 --- Ouvrages avant 1800 --- Ouvrages jusqu'à 1800 --- Earth (Planet) --- Terre --- Géographie --- Astronomie médiévale --- Ouvrages jusqu'à 1800 --- Medieval astronomy --- Cartography, Primitive --- Chartography --- Map-making --- Mapmaking --- Mapping (Cartography) --- Mathematical geography --- Surveying --- Map projection --- Maps --- Earth

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In the context of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) the book offers a timely review of Map Projections. The first chapters are of foundational type. We introduce the mapping from a left Riemann manifold to a right one specified as conformal, equiaerial and equidistant, perspective and geodetic. In particular, the mapping from a Riemann manifold to a Euclidean manifold ("plane") and the design of various coordinate systems are reviewed . A speciality is the treatment of surfaces of Gaussian curvature zero. The largest part is devoted to the mapping the sphere and the ellipsoid-of-revolution to tangential plane, cylinder and cone (pseudo-cone) using the polar aspect, transverse as well as oblique aspect. Various Geodetic Mappings as well as the Datum Problem are reviewed. In the first extension we introduce optimal map projections by variational calculus for the sphere, respectively the ellipsoid generating harmonic maps. The second extension reviews alternative maps for structures ,  namely torus (pneu), hyperboloid (cooling tower), paraboloid (parabolic mirror), onion shape (church tower) as well as clothoid (Hight Speed Railways) used in Project Surveying. Third, we present the Datum Transformation described by the Conformal Group C10 (3) in a threedimensional Euclidean space , a ten parameter conformal transformation. It leaves infinitesimal angles and distance ratios equivariant. Numerical examples from classical and new map projections as well as twelve appendices document the Wonderful World of Map Projections.

Map projection --- Cartography --- Conformal mapping --- Data processing. --- Mathematics. --- Conformal representation of surfaces --- Mapping, Conformal --- Transformation, Conformal --- Geometric function theory --- Mappings (Mathematics) --- Surfaces, Representation of --- Transformations (Mathematics) --- Cartography, Primitive --- Chartography --- Map-making --- Mapmaking --- Mapping (Cartography) --- Mathematical geography --- Surveying --- Maps --- Projection --- Geographical information systems. --- Physical geography. --- Geography. --- Geographical Information Systems/Cartography. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Geography, general. --- Cosmography --- Earth sciences --- World history --- Geography --- Geographical information systems --- GIS (Information systems) --- Information storage and retrieval systems --- Geophysics. --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Physics

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Poltics and government --- Cartography --- Geography --- Imperialism --- Colonialism --- Empires --- Expansion (United States politics) --- Neocolonialism --- Political science --- Anti-imperialist movements --- Caesarism --- Chauvinism and jingoism --- Militarism --- Cosmography --- Earth sciences --- World history --- Cartography, Primitive --- Chartography --- Map-making --- Mapmaking --- Mapping (Cartography) --- Mathematical geography --- Surveying --- Map projection --- Maps --- History --- Study and teaching&delete& --- Social aspects --- Turkey --- Turt︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Turechchyna --- Tyrkia --- Osmanskai︠a︡ Imperii︠a︡ --- Tourkia --- TC --- Türkiye --- Türkiye Cumhuriyeti --- Vysokai︠a︡ Porta --- Osmanlı İmparatorluğu --- Devlet-i Aliye Osmaniye --- Turkiet --- T.C. (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti) --- Republic of Turkey --- תורכיה --- Turkiyah --- Turkyah --- Tunkī --- République turque --- Tʻŏkʻi --- Anatolia --- Asia Minor --- Anatolie --- Republic of Türkiye --- Asia Minore --- Ottoman Empire --- Republik Türkei --- Tureuki --- Turkye --- Republiek van Turkye --- Türkei --- Turcland --- تركيا --- Turkiyā --- جمهورية التركية --- Jumhūrīyah al-Turkīyah --- Turquía --- Republica de Turquía --- Turchia --- Tuykia --- Türkiyä Respublikası --- Turki --- Républik Turki --- Tȯrkiă --- Турцыя --- Turtsyi︠a︡ --- Турэцкая Рэспубліка --- Turėtskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Tiakei --- Torkėjė --- Turkia --- Republik Turkia --- Турция --- Република Турция --- Republika Turt︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Turska --- Republika Turska --- Tū-ī-gì --- Turecko --- Turecká republika --- Tëreckô --- Repùblika Tërecczi --- Tẏrt︠s︡i --- Турци --- Turt︠s︡i --- Турци Республики --- Turt︠s︡i Respubliki --- Twrci --- Gweriniaeth Twrci --- Tyrkiet --- Republikken Tyrkiet --- Tʼóok Bikéyah --- Turkojska --- Republika Turkojska --- Türgi --- Türgi Vabariik --- Τουρκία --- Δημοκρατία της Τουρκίας --- Dēmokratia tēs Tourkias --- Τουρκική Δημοκρατία --- Tourkikē Dēmokratia --- Turchî --- Repóbblica d'l Turchî --- Turkio --- Turkujo --- Turkia Respubliko --- Turkaland --- Lýðveldið Turkaland --- Turquie (Repupblic) --- République de Turquie --- Turkije --- Tuirc --- Poblacht na Tuirce --- Turkee --- Pobblaght ny Turkee --- Thú-ngí-khì --- 터키 --- 터키 공화국 --- T'ŏk'i Konghwaguk --- Tureke --- Turkowska --- Turcia --- Турк --- Turk --- Турчы Республикæ --- Turchy Respublikæ --- Tyrkland --- Lýðveldið Tyrkland --- Repubblica di Turchia --- טורקיה --- רפובליקה הטורקית --- Republiḳah ha-Ṭurḳiyah --- Тюрк --- Ti︠u︡rk --- Тюрк Республика --- Ti︠u︡rk Respublika --- Tu̇rkii︠a︡ --- Tu̇rkii︠a︡ Respublikasy --- Turukiya --- Uturuki --- Jamhuri ya Uturuki --- Tiki --- Tirkiye --- Komara Tirkiyeyê --- Repuvlika de Turkiya --- Turcija --- Turcijas Republika --- Tierkei --- Republik Tierkei --- Turkija --- Turkieë --- Törkieë --- Buturuki --- Ripablik kya Buturuki --- Törökország --- Török Köztársaság --- Турција --- Република Турција --- Republika Turcija --- Whenua Korukoru --- Tū-ī-gì Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók --- Туркамастор --- Turkamastor --- Туркань республиксь --- Turkanʹ respubliksʹ --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Turk Uls --- Tlacatlahtocayotl Turquia --- Republiek Turkije --- トルコ --- Toruko --- トルコ共和国 --- Toruko Kyōwakoku --- Turkii --- Republikken Tyrkia --- Turtchie --- Турций --- Turt︠s︡iĭ --- Тюркия --- Ti︠u︡rkii︠a︡ --- Тюркия Республика --- Ti︠u︡rkii︠a︡ Respublika --- Teki --- Törkie --- Turcja --- Republika Turcji --- República da Turquia --- Republica Turcia --- Republika Turkiya --- Turkya --- Turkiya Republika --- Турція --- Турецка Республіка --- Turet︠s︡ka Respublika --- Турецкая Республика --- Tu̇rkiĭė --- Tu̇rkiĭė Respublikata --- Durka --- Durkka dásseváldi --- Turkäi --- Republik Turkäi --- Turqia --- Republika e Turqisë --- Thekhi --- Turcyjo --- Republika Turecko --- Republika Turcyje --- Jamhuuriyada Turki --- Turkiyakondre --- Ripoliku Turkiyakondre --- Турска --- Република Турска --- Turkki --- Turkin tasavalta --- Republiken Turkiet --- Republika ng Turkiya --- Tturk --- Tagduda n Tturk --- Turchie --- Repubbleche de Turchie --- Tȯrkii︠a︡ --- Tȯrkii︠a︡ Jȯmḣu̇rii︠a︡te --- Türkiýe Respublikasy --- Туреччина --- Турецька Республіка --- Republica de Turchia --- Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ --- Cộng hoà Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ --- Türkän --- Türgü --- Türgü Vabariik --- 土耳其 --- Tu'erqi --- Turkeye --- Republiek Turkeye --- Turkeya --- Tirki --- Republik bu Tirki --- טערקיי --- Ṭerḳay --- טערקישע רעפובליק --- Ṭerḳishe Republiḳ --- Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Túrkì --- Tırkiya --- 土耳其共和國 --- Tu'erqi Gongheguo --- Tu'erqi gong he guo --- Tu er qi gong he guo --- Ānātūlī --- Politics and government --- History. --- Study and teaching --- Cộng hoà Thỏ̂ Nhĩ Kỳ --- Thỏ̂ Nhĩ Kỳ --- Турций --- History of civilization --- History of Southern Europe --- History of Asia --- anno 1500-1599 --- anno 1600-1699