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Book
Philosophy of science : a new introduction
Authors: ---
ISBN: 9780195366198 0195366190 Year: 2014 Publisher: New York: Oxford university press,

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Abstract

Offering an engaging and accessible portrait of the current state of the field, Philosophy of Science: A New Introduction shows students how to think philosophically about science and why it is both essential and fascinating to do so. Gillian Barker and Philip Kitcher reconsider the core questions in philosophy of science in light of the multitude of changes that have taken place in the decades since the publication of C.G. Hempel's classic work, Philosophy of Natural Science (1966)--both in the field and also in history and sociology of science and the sciences themselves. They explore how philosophical questions are connected to vigorous current debates--including climate change, science and religion, race, intellectual property rights, and medical research priorities--showing how these questions, and philosophers' attempts to answer them, matter in the real world. Featuring numerous illustrative examples and extensive further reading lists, Philosophy of Science: A New Introduction is ideal for courses in philosophy of science, history and philosophy of science, and epistemology/theory of knowledge. It is also compelling and illuminating reading for scientists, science students, and anyone interested in the natural sciences and in their place in global society today.


Book
The Oxford handbook of philosophy of science
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ISBN: 019936883X Year: 2014 Publisher: New York : Oxford University Press,

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This Handbook provides the reader with access to core areas in the philosophy of science and to new directions in the discipline. Part I contains broad overviews of the main lines of research and the state of established knowledge in six principal areas of the discipline, including computational, physical, biological, psychological, and social sciences, as well as general philosophy of science. Part II covers what are considered to be the traditional topics in the philosophy of science such as causation, probability, models, ethics and values, and explanation. Part III identifies new areas of investigation that show promise of becoming important areas of research, including the philosophy of astronomy and astrophysics, data, complexity theory, neuroscience, simulations, post-Kuhnian philosophy, post-empiricist epistemology, and emergence.


Book
Précis de philosophie de la biologie
Authors: ---
ISSN: 19565798 ISBN: 9782311400199 2311400193 Year: 2014

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La philosophie de la biologie est un domaine extrêmement actif de la recherche dans la tradition philosophique anglo-saxonne. Elle réunit philosophes et biologistes autour de la question de la définition des concepts fondamentaux : gène, cellule, organisme, espèce, développement, évolution, adaptation, etc. Ce livre, qui rassemble les contributions d une trentaine de spécialistes français et étrangers, présente en 24 chapitres l état de la recherche actuelle dans tous les principaux domaines de la biologie. Il peut être utilisé comme manuel pour les cours de philosophie des sciences au niveau Master. Sommaire : Introduction : Qu est-ce que la philosophie de la biologie ; I. Le cadre théorique de la biologie (1. Structuration intra-disciplinaire 2. Structuration inter-disciplinaire 3. Biologie et philosophie générale des sciences) ; II. Ontologie de la biologie (1. Le mobilier du monde biologique 2. Dynamiques et processus)


Periodical
Philosophy, theology and the sciences
ISSN: 21959773 Year: 2014 Publisher: Tübingen Mohr Siebeck

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IF-Sophia.
Authors: --- ---
ISSN: 23587482 Year: 2014 Publisher: Assis Chateaubriand, Paranà, Brazil : Grupo de pesquisas Filosofia, Ciência e Tecnologias - IFPR,

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Book
The nature of scientific thinking : on interpretation, explanation and understanding.
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ISBN: 9781137389824 1137389826 Year: 2014 Publisher: Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan

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For a long time philosophers and scientists have wrestled with explanatory and representational questions such as what can be considered the right form of explanation, what makes something explanatory, and how does a representation by which one explains connect to the world. Therefore explanation and representation are some of the most debated concepts that characterize scientific thinking; yet, there is little consensus among specialists on how explanation and representation in a scientific context should be described. The author argues that issues of explanations and representations must be approached according to their pragmatic roles in a scientific practice of providing understanding. He sees understanding as different from knowledge as an organization of beliefs, a capacity that human beings partly have inherited through biological evolution, partly learned through reflective thinking. However, assumptions expressing these beliefs are claimed to be explanatory not because they are true, but because they fit a rhetorical scheme of communication. Thus, the book becomes a study in naturalism and scientific pluralism.


Book
La tyrannie de la science
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 9782021119008 2021119009 Year: 2014 Publisher: Paris: Éditions du Seuil,

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Ce dernier ouvrage de l'" enfant terrible " de la philosophie des sciences est issu d'une série de conférences données par Paul Feyerabend en 1992. Il offre une synthèse de sa pensée sous une forme particulièrement vivante, faisant place aux questions des auditeurs. Le Feyerabend qui se dévoile dans ce livre est dépourvu de l'arrogance quelque peu provocatrice dont il pouvait faire preuve auparavant, notamment dans Contre la Méthode et dans Adieu la Raison. S'il est toujours aussi vif dans son expression, il est beaucoup plus souple quant à la formulation de ses thèses radicales, revendiquant assez souvent la légitimité de l'ignorance. Il ne faut pas voir le titre comme une charge sans nuances contre la science, mais bien plutôt comme une protestation contre l'unilatéralisme de la pensée quand elle se revendique de la science seule. Feyerabend montre que nombre de considérations sur la nature des théories scientifiques sont tout simplement erronées et qu'elles conduisent à des généralités abstraites sans effets sur les problèmes les plus pressants de l'humanité - guerre, pauvreté, etc. Il conclut sur une défense iconoclaste de la valeur de l'expérience pratique pour équilibrer les prétentions d'une théorisation à tout-va.


Book
Nauki ścisłe a filozofia i inne pisma filozoficzne : (1933-1939)
Authors: --- --- --- --- --- et al.
ISBN: 9788306033656 8306033655 Year: 2014 Publisher: Warszawa : Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy,

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Book
Leibniz : Wege zu seiner reifen Metaphysik
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ISBN: 3055016319 3050064498 Year: 2014 Publisher: Berlin ; Boston : De Gruyter (A),

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Leibniz hat sein Projekt einer Scientia generalis, die das gesamte Wissen seiner Zeit in einer Enzyklopädie komprimieren sollte, vor seinen Zeitgenossen geheim gehalten. Bei einzelnen Briefpartnern versuchte er, Verständnis für Thesen seiner Metaphysik zu finden, ohne zu viel davon preiszugeben. Heinrich Schepers will in seinen Beiträgen dem nahe kommen, was Leibniz' wahre Metaphysik ausmacht. Die Perzeption und der Appetitus sind die spontanen Handlungen, mit denen sich die Individuen selbst konstituieren. Die Kompatibilität ist die Relation, die sie auf die vielen möglichen Welten verteilt. Die sich dabei herausstellenden Grade der Perfektion machen die Wahl der besten unter ihnen möglich. Aus den spontanen Handlungen der einfachen Substanzen leitet Leibniz seine Begriffe von Raum und Zeit ab. Tragend für diese Theorie ist sein konzeptualistischer Gottesbegriff, demzufolge nicht allein die Essenzen, sondern alles Denkbare in Form vollausgebildeter Subjekte materiell Gottes Verstand ausmachen.


Book
Newton and Empiricism
Authors: ---
ISBN: 9780199337095 Year: 2014 Publisher: Oxford Oxford University Press

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