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La révolution des Œillets semble faire l’objet d’un consensus : le 25 avril 1974, jour où tomba enfin au Portugal la plus vieille dictature fasciste du monde, est une date qu’on célèbre. 48 ans d’oppression balayés en 24 heures, quasiment sans coups de feu. Le mythe est beau – celui de ces soldats communiant avec un peuple avide de changement – mais l’histoire est plus tortueuse et plus riche. Car le 25 avril resté dans les mémoires ouvre sur un épisode historique en partie oublié : une séquence de 19 mois d’effervescence populaire où tout semble possible. Ce « Découvrir la révolution des Œillets » permettra d’apporter quelques clés de compréhension de ce qui demeure la dernière révolution sociale sur le continent européen.
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Having been hit hard by the global crisis, the Portuguese government has taken action to put its economy back on track, and to correct external and budgetary imbalances. Public finances have strengthened, and the current account deficit has closed on the back of gains in competitiveness and improvements in export performance. Portugal has also been able to reduce income inequality and relative poverty, a major accomplishment during a severe crisis with record levels of unemployment. As Portugal successfully exits the EU-IMF-ECB-supported programme and emerges from recession, it is more important than ever to build on these achievements. At the request of the Portuguese authorities, the OECD has carried out an assessment of the impact of the reforms implemented to date on the economy’s longer-term growth outlook. The analysis is based on OECD indicators of the restrictiveness of Product Market Regulation (PMR) and the strictness of Employment Protection Legislation (EPL). It updates the OECD report Portugal: Reforming the State to Promote Growth, published in 2013. According to the OECD’s Going for Growth exercise, Portugal is among the OECD countries with the best recent track record of responsiveness to structural reform recommendations. The reforms undertaken since 2009 to promote competition in product markets and enhance the dynamism of the labour market are expected to raise productivity and potential GDP by at least 3.5% by 2020.
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Uncertainty faced by households and firms affects economic activity. The rise in uncertainty since the beginning of the sovereign debt crisis in Greece could be one factor that has contributed to the steep and long-lasting recession. This paper presents a brief empirical analysis quantifying this phenomenon and compares it with developments in Ireland and Portugal. Overall, this analysis shows that the uncertainty impact on growth has been relatively small in Greece between 2008 and 2013, although stronger than in Ireland or Portugal. This quantification appears to be robust to various specification changes of the vector auto regressive models developed for this exercise. This working paper relates to the 2013 Economic Survey of Greece (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/greece)
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Portugal --- History --- Revolution --- 1640
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Uncertainty faced by households and firms affects economic activity. The rise in uncertainty since the beginning of the sovereign debt crisis in Greece could be one factor that has contributed to the steep and long-lasting recession. This paper presents a brief empirical analysis quantifying this phenomenon and compares it with developments in Ireland and Portugal. Overall, this analysis shows that the uncertainty impact on growth has been relatively small in Greece between 2008 and 2013, although stronger than in Ireland or Portugal. This quantification appears to be robust to various specification changes of the vector auto regressive models developed for this exercise. This working paper relates to the 2013 Economic Survey of Greece (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/greece)
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Cet ouvrage a pour objectif de restituer des éléments de compréhension des mécanismes et caractéristiques de la révolution des Oeillets, qui éclata au Portugal en 1974, tout en les mettant en résonnance avec la situation du pays en 2014. Le Portugal est confronté aux conséquences dévastatrices des politiques néo-libérales d'austérité appliquées dans les pays du sud de l'Europe. ©Electre 2015
Portugal --- Portugal --- Portugal --- Portugal --- Politics and government --- Social conditions --- Politique et gouvernement --- Conditions sociales
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Portugal --- History --- Revolution --- 1640
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Middle class --- Bourgeoisie --- Portugal --- Portugal --- Economic conditions. --- Conditions économiques
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