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This study of Peru's transformation from a tottering colonial economy based on extraction of precious bullion to a massive exporter of bulk goods like guano shows how a struggle between protectionists and free traders shaped the state. "This is an elegant and sophisticated book that can be read on many levels, written by an author who never takes the facile road. [Its] significance is great--not just for Peruvian history but for theoretical questions relating to dependency and economic history in nineteenth-century Latin America... Gootenberg has added a major new element to the dependency debate, one that is more intellectually satisfying than the sterile old argument about good guys and bad guys."--Timothy E. Anna, The Hispanic American Historical Review "[One] of the best books in recent years on Peruvian history, and a valuable contribution to nineteenth-century commercial and financial studies."--Michael J. Gonzales, Journal of Economic History "Fascinating reading. Gootenberg has taken the why of Latin American underdevelopment a step forward by unraveling complexities of the actual historical-economic forces... [This book] is perhaps the most thorough examination of exactly how those internal class and productive forces contributed to Peru's under-development."--Choice Originally published in 1989.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Peru --- Commercial policy --- History --- E-books --- Pérou --- República Peruana --- Piru --- República del Perú --- Republic of Peru --- Piruw --- Republiek van Peru --- بيرو --- Bīrū --- جمهورية بيرو --- Jumhūrīyat Bīrū --- Piruw Suyu --- Peru Respublikası --- Peru ka Fasojamana --- Perú Kiōng-hô-kok --- Перу --- Рэспубліка Перу --- Rėspublika Peru --- Republika Peru --- Република Перу --- Peruánská republika --- Republica di u Perù --- Periw --- Gweriniaeth Periw --- Republikken Peru --- Republik Peru --- Peruu --- Peruu Vabariik --- Περού --- Δημοκρατία του Περού --- Dēmokratia tou Perou --- Peruo --- Perua Respubliko --- Peruko Errepublika --- پرو --- Purū --- Jumhūrī-i Purū --- Perun tasavalta --- Lýðveldið Peru --- République du Pérou --- Peiriú --- Pheroo --- Pobblaght ny Peroo --- Pearu --- República do Perú --- ペルー --- Peru-Bolivian Confederation --- BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Commercial Policy.

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Historic buildings --- Architecture --- Cultural property --- Conservation and restoration --- Protection --- Conservation and restoration. --- Protection. --- Latin America. --- Peru. --- Halls --- Buildings --- Buildings, Restoration of --- Conservation of buildings --- Restoration of buildings --- Cultural heritage --- Cultural patrimony --- Cultural resources --- Heritage property --- National heritage --- National patrimony --- National treasure --- Patrimony, Cultural --- Treasure, National --- Property --- World Heritage areas --- Architecture, Western (Western countries) --- Building design --- Construction --- Western architecture (Western countries) --- Art --- Building --- Historic houses, etc. --- Historical buildings --- Monuments --- Historic sites --- Historic preservation --- Cultural property, Protection of --- Cultural resources management --- Cultural policy --- Restoration --- Repair and reconstruction --- Design and construction --- Government policy --- Bīr --- Dēmokratia tou Perou --- Gweriniaeth Periw --- Jumhūrī-i Pur --- Jumhūrīyat Bīr --- Lýðveldið Peru --- Pearu --- Peiri --- Periw --- Pérou --- Peru ka Fasojamana --- Perú Kiōng-hô-kok --- Peru Respublikası --- Perua Respubliko --- Peruánská republika --- Peruko Errepublika --- Perun tasavalta --- Peruo --- Peruu --- Peruu Vabariik --- Pheroo --- Piru --- Piruw --- Piruw Suyu --- Pobblaght ny Peroo --- Pur --- Republic of Peru --- República del Per --- Republica di u Per --- República do Per --- República Peruana --- Republiek van Peru --- Republik Peru --- Republika Peru --- Republikken Peru --- République du Pérou --- Rėspublika Peru --- South America --- Asociación Latinoamericana de Libre Comercio countries --- Neotropical region --- Neotropics --- New World tropics --- Spanish America --- Architecture, Primitive --- Monuments historiques --- Conservation et restauration

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This Selected Issues paper assesses empirically the motives and effectiveness of foreign exchange (FX) interventions in Peru. The results of the study indicate asymmetries both in the Central Reserve Bank of Peru’s reaction function and in the effectiveness of FX interventions. Probit estimates of the likelihood of FX purchases and sales, in the first stage of the regression, show that both forms of intervention are targeted at leaning against the wind; that is, resisting appreciation in the former case and resisting depreciation in the latter. But only FX sales, not FX purchases, react to volatility. Similarly, instrumental variable regression results show evidence of asymmetry in the effectiveness of FX interventions.

Fiscal policy --- Debts, Public --- Sovereign wealth funds --- Funds, Sovereign wealth --- SWFs (Sovereign wealth funds) --- Investment of public funds --- Debts, Government --- Government debts --- National debts --- Public debt --- Public debts --- Sovereign debt --- Debt --- Bonds --- Deficit financing --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Government policy --- Peru --- Bīrū --- Dēmokratia tou Perou --- Gweriniaeth Periw --- Jumhūrī-i Purū --- Jumhūrīyat Bīrū --- Lýðveldið Peru --- Pearu --- Peiriú --- Periw --- Pérou --- Peru ka Fasojamana --- Perú Kiōng-hô-kok --- Peru Respublikası --- Perua Respubliko --- Peruánská republika --- Peruko Errepublika --- Perun tasavalta --- Peruo --- Peruu --- Peruu Vabariik --- Pheroo --- Piru --- Piruw --- Piruw Suyu --- Pobblaght ny Peroo --- Purū --- Republic of Peru --- República del Perú --- Republica di u Perù --- República do Perú --- República Peruana --- Republiek van Peru --- Republik Peru --- Republika Peru --- Republikken Peru --- République du Pérou --- Rėspublika Peru --- Περού --- Δημοκρατία του Περού --- Рэспубліка Перу --- Република Перу --- Перу --- بيرو --- جمهورية بيرو --- پرو --- ペルー --- Peru-Bolivian Confederation --- Commerce. --- Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Macroeconomics --- Production and Operations Management --- Natural Resources --- Fiscal Policy --- Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics --- Environmental and Ecological Economics: General --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- Macroeconomics: Production --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Environmental management --- International economics --- Finance --- Exchange rates --- Fiscal governance --- Natural resources --- Capital flows --- Environment --- Balance of payments --- Capital movements --- Production --- Economic theory