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The Antibody Molecule follows the extraordinary journey of the medics and scientists who shaped the course of medical advances in the field of immunology. One of the oldest of the medical sciences, immunology has a history that has seen chemists, physicists and biologists alike seeking to unravel the most complex system in the human body outside the brain. This book charts its intriguing history, from the genetic basis of antibody diversity, through theunderstanding of the mechanism by which the immune system's first line of defence works, to breakthroughs in crystallography and the exploitati

Immunoglobulins. --- Immunology --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Antibodies --- Immune globulins --- Immune serum globulin --- Blood proteins --- Globulins --- Plasma cells --- Antibody diversity --- Antigens --- Bacterial immunoglobulin-binding proteins --- History.

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This book provides an updated overview of agammaglobulinemia, a rare form of primary immunodeficiency which is considered the prototype of the congenital humoral defects, and which is characterized by the absence of peripheral B cells and very low serum immunoglobulin levels. The book opens by discussing the highly orchestrated early B cell development in the bone marrow and the genes involved based on both human and animal models. The pathogenesis and clinical presentation of X-linked agammaglobulinemia, caused by mutations in the BTK (Bruton’s tyrosine kinase) gene, are then presented in detail, followed by descriptions of the clinical manifestations and molecular basis of the less frequent autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant forms of agammaglobulinemia.  Patients’ management in terms of respiratory complications, gammaglobulin replacement therapy and the potential value of novel experimental therapeutic strategies are  discussed. The book’s closing chapters offer a comprehensive and updated description of mutations in the BTK gene, and the expression and function of BTK in cells other than B cells.

Microbiology & Immunology --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Immunoglobulins. --- Agammaglobulinemia. --- Agammaglobulinemia --- Treatment. --- Gamma globulin deficiency --- Hypogammaglobulinemia --- Antibodies --- Immune globulins --- Immune serum globulin --- Medicine. --- Immunology. --- Hematology. --- Rheumatology. --- Pediatrics. --- Cell biology. --- Biomedicine. --- Cell Biology. --- Blood protein disorders --- Immunological deficiency syndromes --- Lymphoproliferative disorders --- Blood proteins --- Globulins --- Plasma cells --- Antibody diversity --- Antigens --- Bacterial immunoglobulin-binding proteins --- Cytology. --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Paediatrics --- Pediatric medicine --- Medicine --- Children --- Internal medicine --- Connective tissues --- Joints --- Haematology --- Blood --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Diseases --- Health and hygiene

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Through the discovery of the link between Acinetobacter bacteria in Multiple Sclerosis patients and Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy affected animals, the author brings together a comprehensive look at the cause of MS throughout the world. Multiple Sclerosis, Mad Cow Disease and Acinetobacter delves into the cause of these two neurological diseases, MS and BSE, and elaborates on their relation through exposure to a common microbe: Acinetobacter, found in human sinuses, on the skin and in the soil. Multiple Sclerosis, Mad Cow Disease and Acinetobacter informs the reader that multiple sclerosis may be linked to the microbe Acinetobacter, which carries molecular structures resembling myelin, the outer sheath covering of neurones. This book will be of interest to international scientific and medical communities, as well as accessible to patients, neurologists, research institutes and the general public.

Biomedicine. --- Antibodies. --- Immunology. --- Infectious Diseases. --- Veterinary Medicine. --- Medicine. --- Monoclonal antibodies. --- Emerging infectious diseases. --- Veterinary medicine. --- Médecine --- Immunologie --- Anticorps monoclonaux --- Maladies infectieuses émergentes --- Médecine vétérinaire --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Multiple sclerosis. --- Bovine spongiform encephalopathy. --- Acinetobacter. --- Colloides --- Herella --- Mimae --- BSE (Disease) --- Mad cow disease --- Spongiform encephalopathy, Bovine --- MS (Disease) --- Sclerosis, Multiple --- Infectious diseases. --- Neisseriaceae --- Cattle --- Prion diseases in animals --- Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease --- Demyelination --- Myelin sheath --- Virus diseases --- Diseases --- Veterinary Medicine/Veterinary Science. --- Farriery --- Large animal medicine --- Large animal veterinary medicine --- Livestock medicine --- Veterinary science --- Medicine --- Animal health --- Animals --- Domestic animals --- Livestock --- Emerging infections --- New infectious diseases --- Re-emerging infectious diseases --- Reemerging infectious diseases --- Communicable diseases --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Antibodies, Monoclonal --- Monoclonal immunoglobulins --- Immunoglobulins --- Molecular cloning --- Losses --- Antibodies --- Immune globulins --- Immune serum globulin --- Blood proteins --- Globulins --- Plasma cells --- Antibody diversity --- Antigens --- Bacterial immunoglobulin-binding proteins

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This book proposes immunogenomics, or immunopharmacogenomics, as the next-generation big science to uncover the role that the immune system plays in the pathogenesis of many diseases, by summarizing the importance of the deep sequencing of T-cell and B-cell receptors. Immunogenomics/immunopharmacogenomics, a genetic characterization of the immune system made possible by next-generation sequencing (NGS), will be important for the further understanding of the pathogenesis of various disease conditions. Abnormal immune responses in the body lead to development of autoimmune diseases and food allergies. Rejection of recipient cells and tissues, as well as severe immune reactions to donor cells, is also the result of uncontrolled immune responses in the recipient body. There have been many reports indicating that activated immune responses caused by the interaction of drugs and HLA are present in drug-induced skin hypersensitivity and liver toxicity. The importance of the host immune responses has been recognized in cancer treatments, not only for immunotherapy but also for cytotoxic agents and molecular targeted drugs. Hence, characterization of the T-cell receptor and B-cell receptor repertoire by means of NGS deep sequencing will ultimately make possible the identification of the molecular mechanisms that underlie various diseases and drug responses. In addition, this approach may contribute to the identification of antigens associated with the onset or progression of autoimmune diseases as well as food allergies. Although the germline alterations and somatic mutations have been extensively analyzed, changes or alterations of the immune responses during the course of various disease conditions or during various treatments have not been analyzed. It is also clear that computational analyses to draw meaningful inferences of functional recognition receptors on the immune cells remain a huge challenge.  .

Human immunogenetics --- Pharmacogenomics --- Pharmacogenetics --- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell --- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing --- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell --- Immunotherapy --- Methods --- Immunogenetic Phenomena --- Receptors, Antigen --- Immunoglobulins --- Pharmacology --- Genetics --- Immunomodulation --- Immune System Phenomena --- Investigative Techniques --- Sequence Analysis --- Receptors, Immunologic --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Biology --- Health Occupations --- Immunoproteins --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Phenomena and Processes --- Biological Therapy --- Serum Globulins --- Genetic Techniques --- Globulins --- Blood Proteins --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Receptors, Cell Surface --- Therapeutics --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Membrane Proteins --- Proteins --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Pathology --- Pharmacy, Therapeutics, & Pharmacology --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Human genetics. --- Medicine. --- Cancer research. --- Molecular biology. --- Pharmacology. --- Biomedicine. --- Human Genetics. --- Cancer Research. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Molecular Medicine. --- Heredity, Human --- Human biology --- Physical anthropology --- Oncology. --- Toxicology. --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Physicians --- Chemicals --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Tumors --- Toxicology --- Health Workforce --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biochemistry --- Biophysics --- Biomolecules --- Systems biology --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Chemotherapy --- Drugs --- Pharmacy --- Cancer research --- Physiological effect