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Rotaviruses. --- Rotavirus infections. --- Diarrhea.

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Respiratory infections and diarrhea are frequent among children in kindergartens. There is an agreement that interventions such as hand washing and other hygiene procedures are necessary, but research may help to identify which interventions that are the most effective and worth implementing. In this systematic review we have searched for and evaluated results from primary studies on the effect of infectious control interventions in kindergartens. Knowledge on effective infectious control interventions may lead to campaigns and guidelines for kindergartens. The main findings from this systematic review are: Attention to hand hygiene practice compared to practice as usual. 1. reduces children's incidence of diarrhea by 39 to 69%. 2. reduces respiratory tract infections by 17 to 43%. 3. reduces absenteeism rates by 4 to 20%. The documentation is of medium to low quality. A complex intervention that combines practical hand hygiene with training and facilitating hygiene routines. 1. reduces the incidence of diarrhea by 10 to 50%, 2. reduces respiratory tract infections by 6 to 23%. 3. reduces the number of physician consultations by 13 to 26%. 4. reduces the prescription of antibiotics to children by 22 to 27%. 5. The intervention also has advantages for kindergarten staff, and it reduces parents' absenteeism. The documentation is of low quality. The effectiveness of initiatives concerning physical conditions (occupation density, time spent indoors/outdoors, space, ventilation, etc.) is uncertain. The documentation is of very low quality. This does not mean that the interventions do not work, but it means that the current scientific documentation lacks power to conclude about their effect.

Day care centers. --- Diarrhea --- Prevention.

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Demographic surveys --- Health surveys --- Child health services --- Children --- Diarrhea in children --- Malaria --- Respiratory infections in children --- Statistical methods. --- Health and hygiene --- Treatment

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Risk assessment. --- Helicobacter pylori infections. --- Gastrointestinal system --- Bismuth subsalicylate --- Helicobacter pylori infections --- Diarrhea --- Adverse effect --- Blinded experiment --- Clinical medicine --- Clinical trial --- Esomeprazole --- Evidence-based medicine --- Gastritis --- Health --- Health care --- Infections --- Therapeutic use. --- Treatment.

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The Service Delivery Indicators (SDIs) provides a set of key indicators serving as a benchmark for service delivery performance in the health and education sectors in Sub-Saharan Africa. The overarching objective of the SDIs is to ascertain the quality of service delivery in primary education and basic health services. This would in turn enable governments and service providers alike to identify gaps and bottlenecks, as well as track progress over time, and across countries. The SDI survey interviewed 403 heath providers across Tanzania between May 2014 and July 2014. This technical report presents the findings from the implementation of the SDI in the health sector in Tanzania in 2014. Survey implementation activities took place following extensive consultations with the government and key stakeholders on survey design, sampling, and adaptation of survey instruments. A major challenge for Tanzania's health sector is the shortage of skilled human resources for health (HRH). This survey found that provider knowledge and abilities were not adequate to deliver quality services. Caseload per provider and absenteeism are relatively low, so the issue is not over burdened providers. There seems to be ample room for a significant increase in the caseload of Tanzanian providers, id est the level of productivity in health service delivery, without jeopardizing quality. In addition to increasing the volume of skilled HRH to address the shortage of providers, improvements in management, supervision and training is important to improving service delivery. Health for all in Tanzania will mean the simultaneous availability of widely accessible inputs and skilled providers.

Anemia --- Burden of Disease --- Children --- Dehydration --- Diabetes --- Diarrhea --- Disease Control & Prevention --- Doctors --- Financial Management --- Health --- Health Insurance --- Health Monitoring & Evaluation --- Health Professionals --- Health System Performance --- Health Systems Development & Reform --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Hepatitis --- Hospitals --- Human Development --- Human Resources --- Incentives --- Insurance --- Internet --- Knowledge --- Latrines --- Malaria --- Measles --- Measurement --- Morbidity --- Mortality --- Nurses --- Pneumonia --- Polio --- Population --- Posters --- Poverty --- Public Health --- Sterilization --- Tetanus --- Treatment --- Tuberculosis --- Vaccines --- Waste --- Weight --- Workers