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Since the return to democracy in 1999, Nigeria has embarked upon an ambitious reform programme towards greater economic openness and liberalisation. As a result, gross domestic product growth picked up consistently, never going below 5% since 2003. Nigeria has become a top recipient of foreign direct investment in Africa, with inflows having surpassed those to South Africa since 2009. The federal government’s Transformation Agenda recognises private sector development as the main engine for economic growth and includes bold investment reforms. Growth has however not yet been translated into inclusive development and the investment climate still suffers from severe challenges. This Investment Policy Review examines Nigeria’s investment policies in light of the OECD Policy Framework for Investment (PFI), a tool to mobilise investment in support of economic growth and sustainable development. It provides an assessment and policy recommendations on different areas of the PFI: investment policy; investment promotion and facilitation; trade policy; infrastructure investment; competition; corporate governance and financial sector development. It also includes a special chapter analysing the PFI in Lagos State. The Review follows on the request addressed by the Minister of Industry, Trade and Investment of Nigeria to the OECD Secretary-General in December 2011. It has been prepared in close co-operation with the Federal Government of Nigeria and Lagos State Government.

Investments, Foreign -- Government policy -- Nigeria. --- Investments, Foreign -- Nigeria. --- Nigeria -- Economic policy. --- Finance --- Business & Economics --- Investment & Speculation --- Investments, Foreign --- Government policy --- Nigeria --- Economic policy. --- Capital exports --- Capital imports --- FDI (Foreign direct investment) --- Foreign direct investment --- Foreign investment --- Foreign investments --- International investment --- Offshore investments --- Outward investments --- Capital movements --- Investments

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The complexity of investments continues to grow, and institutional pools of capital from endowments to pension funds are suffering from too much risk and not enough return. Yet managing these investments and creating and implementing governance structures are seldom an integral part of the organization’s core mission or its operations. "That’s the way it has always been," say many directors and executives. As a result, a board of directors or investment committee often believes it needs to make all the decisions--or outsource money management and hope for the best. As Winning the Institutional Investing Race: A Guide for Directors and Executives makes clear, that sentiment is a big mistake that can lead to poor returns, reduced capital to employ on behalf of the organizational mission, and even charges of malfeasance on the part of directors. Authors Michael Bunn and Zack Campbell, who advise companies and institutions on best practices in institutional investment, are determined to help institutions and companies learn to manage their capital funds like the real businesses they are. This hands-on book will show you: The importance of governance in creating and overseeing investment policy The roles and responsibilities of key stakeholders, especially board members How to construct an effective investment policy statement An overview of the four primary governance models available to trustees and the pros/cons of each How to work with fund managers, in house or out, to get the highest returns possible Besides governance, this book covers a wide array of investment topics—modern portfolio theory, risk application, investment manager evaluation and manager search, asset allocation, and diversification, among others—while introducing a new and successful approach to managing investment portfolios. The goal is to provide a grounding in investing for those involved in making financial decisions at the board level. As the authors make clear, it is not possible just to beat the averages but to do so consistently. Winning the Institutional Investing Race: A Guide for Directors and Executives offers a healthy rethinking of investment management and governance for any organization or board that oversees institutional investments and manages those making investment decisions. Most important, it shows how directors and managers can maintain their fiduciary responsibilities to the organizations they serve while maximizing investment returns.

Economics/Management Science. --- Business/Management Science, general. --- Economics. --- Economie politique --- Commerce --- Management --- Business & Economics --- Local Commerce --- Management Theory --- Corporate governance. --- Investments, Foreign. --- Capital exports --- Capital imports --- FDI (Foreign direct investment) --- Foreign direct investment --- Foreign investment --- Foreign investments --- International investment --- Offshore investments --- Outward investments --- Governance, Corporate --- Business. --- Management science. --- Business and Management. --- Business and Management, general. --- Quantitative business analysis --- Problem solving --- Operations research --- Statistical decision --- Trade --- Economics --- Industrial management --- Capital movements --- Investments --- Directors of corporations

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The relationship between business and politics is crucial to understanding Mexican history, and Pesos and Politics explores this relationship from the mid-nineteenth century dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz through the Mexican Revolution (1876-1940). Historian Mark Wasserman argues that throughout this era, over the course of successive regimes, there was an evolving enterprise system that had to balance the interests of the Mexican national elite, state and local governments, large foreign corporations, and individual foreign entrepreneurs. During and after the Revolution these groups were joine

Industrial policy --- Businesspeople --- Elite (Social sciences) --- Investments, Foreign --- Business enterprises, Foreign --- History. --- Mexico --- Politics and government --- Foreign business enterprises --- Business enterprises --- Capital exports --- Capital imports --- FDI (Foreign direct investment) --- Foreign direct investment --- Foreign investment --- Foreign investments --- International investment --- Offshore investments --- Outward investments --- Capital movements --- Investments --- Elites (Social sciences) --- Leadership --- Power (Social sciences) --- Social classes --- Social groups --- Business people --- Business persons --- Businesspersons --- Entrepreneurs --- Professional employees --- Business --- Industries --- Industry and state --- Economic policy --- Government policy --- FOREIGN INVESTMENTS -- 930.33 --- ELITES -- 930.33 --- BUSINESSPEOPLE -- 930.33 --- INDUSTRIAL POLICY -- 930.33 --- FOREIGN BUISNESS ENTERPRISES -- 930.33

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How do countries enhance their exports of goods in a largely tariff-free environment? Our investigation of export performance of new member states in the European Union single market, which provides a natural control for barrier-free environment, points to the importance of structural reforms, particularly in the areas of higher education, skills upgrade, wage structure’s ability to provide incentives to work and foreign investment environment. In addition, establishing links with supply chains, which in addition to the above-mentioned reforms also depend on better institutions and infrastructure, are important. The analysis in the paper shows that new member states are at varying levels of quality and integration, which highlights the need for country-specific policy priorities. Services trade, which is subject to significant non-tariff barriers in the EU market even after the implementation of the Services Directive, shows considerable room for growth given the comparative advantage of some of the new member states.

Exports --- Structural adjustment (Economic policy) --- International trade --- Exports and Imports --- Labor --- Empirical Studies of Trade --- Economic Integration --- Trade: General --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- Human Capital --- Skills --- Occupational Choice --- Labor Productivity --- International economics --- Finance --- Labour --- income economics --- Service exports --- Export performance --- Foreign direct investment --- Human capital --- Balance of payments --- Investments, Foreign --- Czech Republic

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Evidence shows that foreign direct investment can provide many benefits to host countries, including productivity improvements, better jobs, and knowledge transfer. Further, it can serve as a vehicle for transformation of domestic production and better integration with global value chains. Nonetheless, these benefits are not automatic. Investment policies are required to maximize the potential gains of foreign direct investment. One challenge is that there are different kinds of foreign direct investment, and each may have different economic, social, and environmental impacts. However, the literature analyzing foreign direct investment often tends to swing from an extremely case-specific focus-analyzing experiences in one particular country in a single sector during a given period-to lumping together the analysis as if it was a homogenous phenomenon. Investment policy formulation requires a framework sophisticated enough to differentiate between the various kinds of foreign direct investment, as well as potential challenges and benefits for development. It must also be simple enough to enable governments to organize and prioritize the multiple and complex variables affecting the maximization of investment benefits. This paper presents an overview of the literature on the impact of foreign direct investment. The paper argues that a logical framework is needed to organize existing evidence from research to fill gaps in the literature and make existing evidence more useful in targeting policy making.

Debt markets --- Economic theory & research --- Emerging markets --- FDI and exports --- FDI impact --- Foreign direct investment --- Global value chains --- International economics & trade --- International investment agreements --- Investment & investment climate --- Investment incentives --- Investment policy --- Investment promotion --- Investor entry --- Investor protection --- Local content --- Macroeconomics and economic growth --- Private sector development --- Productivity --- Research and development --- Trade and investment --- Wages and jobs finance and financial sector development