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Phytopathogenic microorganisms --- Plant diseases. --- Biological control.

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G proteins are the key regulators for a wide range of cellular processes in animals and plants. In comparison to animals and yeast, plants have a single Rho-GTPase subfamily called Rho-like GTPases (ROPs). The ROP family of monomeric GTPases has emerged as a versatile and key regulator in plant signal transduction processes. During the past few years’ studies on plant RHO-type (ROP) GTPase have generated new insights into their role in diverse processes ranging from cytoskeletal organization, polar growth, development to stress and hormonal responses.  Studies have shown that plants have evolved specific regulators and effector molecules. ROP GTPases possess the ability to interact with these multiple regulator and effector molecules that ultimately determines their signaling specificity. Recently, genome wide studies in plants have shown that the Arabidopsis genome encodes 93, and rice has nearly 85 small GTPase homologs. And we have been able to identify four new homologs in the rice genome. Here, we focus on the complete phylogenetic, domain, structural and expression analysis during stress and various developmental processes of small GTPases in plants. The comparison of gene expression patterns of the individual members of the GTPase family may help to reveal potential plant specific signaling mechanisms and their relevance. Also, we are summarizing the role of currently known ROP GTPases and their interacting proteins with brief description, simultaneously, comparing their expression pattern based on microarray data. Overall, we will be discussing the functional genomic perspective of plant Rho like GTPases and their role in regulating several physiological processes such as stress, hormonal, pollen tube, root hair-growth and other developmental responses.

Life Sciences. --- Plant Genetics & Genomics. --- Agriculture. --- Plant Pathology. --- Life sciences. --- Plant breeding. --- Plant diseases. --- Sciences de la vie --- Agriculture --- Plantes --- Amélioration --- Maladies et fléaux --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Genetics --- Guanosine triphosphatase. --- GTP phosphohydrolase --- GTPase --- Guanosine triphosphate phosphohydrolase --- Guanosinetriphosphatase --- Plant genetics. --- Plant pathology. --- Phosphatases --- Plant Genetics and Genomics. --- Botany --- Communicable diseases in plants --- Crop diseases --- Crops --- Diseases of plants --- Microbial diseases in plants --- Pathological botany --- Pathology, Vegetable --- Phytopathology --- Plant pathology --- Plants --- Vegetable pathology --- Agricultural pests --- Crop losses --- Diseased plants --- Phytopathogenic microorganisms --- Plant pathologists --- Plant quarantine --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Pathology --- Diseases and pests --- Diseases --- Wounds and injuries

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Date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L. (Arecales: Arecaceae), is an important palm species cultivated since pre-historic times in the arid regions of the world and traditionally associated with the life and culture of the people in the Middle-East and North Africa which are the pre-dominant date palm growing regions worldwide. The crop is currently cultivated in nearly 30 countries in the Asian, African, American and Australasian continents. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN estimates that there are over 100 million date palms world wide with an annual production of over 7.5 million tonnes Date palm is attacked by a wide range of insect pests mainly from the orders Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Hemiptera besides phytophagous mites, several of which cause substantial loss in yield and even mortality of palms. During the last two decades there has been a significant increase in date palm cultivation worldwide especially in the Middle-East and North Africa where the area has increased over 50%, mostly in vast stretches of monoculture plantations offering a conducive macro and micro ha bitat for existing and emerging insect pests of date palm. Global warming together with rapid large scale movement of palm species for farming and ornamental gardening has compounded the threat of insect pests to date palm. Indiscriminate use of insecticides to control these pests as the first line of defense is of major concern in the date growing countries due to the inherent disadvantages of insecticidal residues in dates (affecting exports), development of resistance to insecticides in the target species and resurgence of minor pest to major insect pest associated with chemical control The book provides an overview on the biology (life cycle, damage, losses, geographical distribution, host range) and management (monitoring, action thresholds, biological control, chemical control, mechanical control, use of semiochemicals and biopesticides) of major arthropod pests of date palm from the orders Coleoptera (red palm weevil, long horn beetle, rhinoceros beetle, frond borer, sap beetles), Hemiptera (dubas bug, issid bug, scale insects, mealy bug) and Lepidoptera (lesser date moth, carob moth, raisin moth), and mites. The issues pertaining to the role of semiochemicals in date pest management and innovative methods for managing storage pests of dates  are also addressed. The book on date palm IPM will serve as a document for farmers, students, researchers and administrators involved in the date palm industry.

Agriculture - General --- Agriculture --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Pests --- Date palm --- Integrated control. --- Diseases and pests --- Control. --- Phoenix dactylifera --- Integrated control of pests --- Integrated pest control --- Integrated pest management --- IPM (Integrated pest management) --- Pest control, Integrated --- Life sciences. --- Agriculture. --- Plant pathology. --- Entomology. --- Life Sciences. --- Plant Pathology. --- Phoenix palms --- Control --- Plant diseases. --- Botany --- Communicable diseases in plants --- Crop diseases --- Crops --- Diseases of plants --- Microbial diseases in plants --- Pathological botany --- Pathology, Vegetable --- Phytopathology --- Plant pathology --- Plants --- Vegetable pathology --- Agricultural pests --- Crop losses --- Diseased plants --- Phytopathogenic microorganisms --- Plant pathologists --- Plant quarantine --- Insects --- Zoology --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Pathology --- Diseases --- Wounds and injuries

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This book is a compilation of the most challenging and significant chapters on the diagnosis and management of important bacterial, fungal, viral, viroid, phytoplasma, non parasitic diseases and various physiological disorders, in various crops. The chapters have been contributed by eminent plant pathologists, having wide experience of teaching and research on various crops with different types of diseases, which cause great economic losses. The book would be very useful for students, teachers and researchers of plant pathology. This book highlights recent advances made in the development of new types of resistance in host plants and alternative strategies for managing plant diseases to improve food quality and reduce the negative public health impact associated with plant diseases. Having entered into 21st century advancements in the Diagnosis of Plant Pathogens and Plant Disease Management need to be closely examined and adequately applied, so that newer challenges facing plant pathology could be adequately addressed in attaining food security for the growing population.   Substantial advancements have been made in terms of expanding knowledge base of the biology of plant-microbial interactions, disease management strategies and application and practice of Plant Pathology.  Application of molecular biology in Plant Pathology has greatly improved our ability to detect plant pathogens and in increasing our understanding, their ecology and epidemiology. Similarly, new technologies and resources have been evolved for the development of sustainable crop protection systems by different control strategies against various pests and pathogens that are important components of the integrated pest management programme. Natural products and chemical compounds discovered as a result of basic research and molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis have led to the development of “biorational” pesticides. Biological control has been found to be the most significant approach to plant health management during the twentieth century and promises using modern biotechnology, to be even more significant in the twenty-first century.

Agriculture - General --- Agriculture --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Life sciences. --- Agriculture. --- Plant anatomy. --- Plants --- Plant diseases. --- Development. --- Botany --- Communicable diseases in plants --- Crop diseases --- Crops --- Diseases of plants --- Microbial diseases in plants --- Pathological botany --- Pathology, Vegetable --- Phytopathology --- Plant pathology --- Vegetable pathology --- Development of plants --- Plant development --- Plant structure --- Structural botany --- Vegetable anatomy --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Pathology --- Diseases and pests --- Diseases --- Anatomy --- Structure --- Plant development. --- Plant pathology. --- Life Sciences. --- Plant Pathology. --- Plant Anatomy/Development. --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Science --- Agricultural pests --- Crop losses --- Diseased plants --- Phytopathogenic microorganisms --- Plant pathologists --- Plant quarantine --- Developmental biology --- Growth (Plants) --- Wounds and injuries --- Ontogeny

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Part I consists of 6 chapters. The first three cover McAlpine's early education, work and influences which drew him into science. How Thomas Huxley and William Thislton-Dyer ignited his interest in biology and follows his achievements in Edinburgh including his remarkable teaching atlases and his remarkable ability a lecturer/educator, admired by his students in Edinburgh and Melbourne. Three more chapters review his impact on tertiary education in Australia, and his establishment as a renowned scientist in Australia. It explores his expertise in mycology and plant pathology and reasons for his rise to international prominence in the context of developments in Europe and Australia. Chapter 6 is a review of his 20 years as a plant pathologist, as he wrote it. Part II is based on previously unpublished documents that deal with an investigation of the cause and control of a devastating disease of apples, bitter pit. McAlpine was reluctantly drawn into leading it, largely unaware that the Government Botanist, Professor A.J. Ewart, was jealous of him and wanted to lead the investigation himself. Ewart weakened the faith of McAlpine's political masters in him who claimed he failed in not discovering the cause of bitter pit. We now know, that the vital information needed to understand the cause remained unknown to science until almost 25 years after McAlpine's death and the understanding of the cause took another 20 or more years. He retired under an ignominious cloud of ingratitude, deeply hurt and angered. Part III examines the impact of his loss of employment on him and the lost of potential benefit to plant pathology. The final chapter follows how a daughter worked for half a century with those who had first hand experience of McAlpine's ability, rigour and reliability in restoring his reputation to its rightful place.

Science, general. --- History of Science. --- Plant Pathology. --- Plant Physiology. --- Agriculture. --- Microbiology. --- Life Sciences, general. --- Science --- Life sciences. --- Plant diseases. --- Plant physiology. --- Sciences --- Sciences de la vie --- Agriculture --- Microbiologie --- Plantes --- Physiologie végétale --- History. --- Histoire --- Maladies et fléaux --- Science (General). --- Science_xHistory. --- History & Archaeology --- History - General --- Plant pathologists. --- McAlpine, Daniel. --- Pathologists, Plant --- Phytopathologists --- Botany --- Communicable diseases in plants --- Crop diseases --- Crops --- Diseases of plants --- Microbial diseases in plants --- Pathological botany --- Pathology, Vegetable --- Phytopathology --- Plant pathology --- Plants --- Vegetable pathology --- Pathology --- Diseases and pests --- Diseases --- M'Alpine, D. --- Plant pathology. --- Agriculturists --- Plant diseases --- Agricultural pests --- Crop losses --- Diseased plants --- Phytopathogenic microorganisms --- Plant pathologists --- Plant quarantine --- Wounds and injuries --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Microbial biology --- Biology --- Microorganisms --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Physiology --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history