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The essays in this volume, which lie at the intersection of the study of literature, social theory, and intellectual history, locate serious reflections on modernity's complexities in the vibrant currents of modern Indian literature, particularly in the realms of fiction, poetry, and autobiography. Sudipta Kaviraj shows that Indian writers did more than adopt new literary trends in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. They deployed these innovations to interrogate fundamental philosophical questions of modernity. Issues central to modern European social theory grew into significant themes within Indian literary reflection, such as the influence of modernity on the nature of the self, the nature of historicity, the problem of evil, the character of power under the conditions of modern history, and the experience of power as felt by an individual subject of the modern state. How does modern politics affect the personality of a sensitive individual? Is love possible between intensely self-conscious people, and how do individuals cope with the transience of affections or the fragility of social ties? Kaviraj argues that these inquiries inform the heart of modern Indian literary tradition and that writers, such as Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay, Rabindranath Tagore, and Sibnath Sastri, performed immeasurably important work helping readers to think through the predicament of modern times.

Bengali literature --- Literature and society. --- Literature --- Literature and sociology --- Society and literature --- Sociology and literature --- Sociolinguistics --- History and criticism. --- Social aspects

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Extending the chronological and cultural scope of Fortier's book on equity, which focuses on early modern England, this interdisciplinary study draws on politics, religion, law, literature, and philosophy to argue that equity continued to be a key word throughout the Restoration and 18th century in Britain and America. Fortier asserts that equity is used and contested in many of the major social and political events of the period.

English literature --- American literature --- Literature and society --- Equity --- Chancery --- Actions and defenses --- Trusts and trustees --- Literature --- Literature and sociology --- Society and literature --- Sociology and literature --- Sociolinguistics --- Agrarians (Group of writers) --- History and criticism. --- History --- History. --- Law and legislation --- Social aspects

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Early literary criticism was undisciplined. Unlike the staid essays and monographs of later academic scholarship, English criticism first appeared in the contentious world of the London theater: dramatists and other poets argued about their craft in contending prefaces and dedications, and their disputes spilled into the public sphere in pamphlet wars, mock epics, lampoons, and even novels. Across these forms, criticism was personal, political, and unconcerned with analysis for its own sake. Yet this unruly discourse laid the groundwork both for modern literary criticism and for the discipline of literary studies. The Invention of English Criticism explores the earliest uses of criticism and the attempts by some to convert a field of literary debate into an archive of useful knowledge. Criticism's undisciplined past thus illuminates its contested, ambivalent, and never fully disciplined present.

Criticism --- English literature --- Literature and society --- Literature --- Literature and sociology --- Society and literature --- Sociology and literature --- Sociolinguistics --- Evaluation of literature --- Literary criticism --- Rhetoric --- Aesthetics --- History. --- History and criticism --- Theory, etc. --- Social aspects --- Technique --- Evaluation

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The Other Rise of the Novel relies on new research concerning the relevance of bourgeois values and ideals in the early modern period in France to question the extent to which characters in works of fiction portray the rise of individualistic and self-interested behavior. It argues that novels like Manon Lescaut, Lettres d'une Péruvienne, and La Nouvelle Héloïse produce their own alternative economies, different articulations of how individuals should define their relations to others.

French fiction --- Social classes in literature. --- Middle class in literature. --- Literature and society --- History and criticism. --- History --- Literature --- Literature and sociology --- Society and literature --- Sociology and literature --- Sociolinguistics --- Middle classes in literature --- Social aspects

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De hedendaagse literatuur en literatuurbeschouwing zijn teveel losgezongen van de buitenwereld, zo luidt een veelgehoorde klacht. Maatschappelijk betrokken, geëngageerde literatuur lijkt daarmee iets van het verleden. De oorzaak van deze situatie zou liggen in autonomie die schrijvers en critici vanaf de romantiek voor de literatuur hebben opgeëist. Deze studie maakt aannemelijk dat het debat tussen verdedigers van 'autonomie' en die van 'engagement' van meet af aan in een impasse verkeert. Sinds de romantiek ontbreekt het ons namelijk aan een overkoepelend paradigma om literatuur te begrijpen. Hoewel we literatuur nog steeds in romantische termen beschrijven, hebben veranderde opvattingen over het individu, zijn gesitueerdheid en zijn verhouding tot waarheid de grond onder het romantische paradigma weggeslagen - zonder deze te vervangen door een andere. Willen we de maatschappelijke functie van hedendaagse literatuur begrijpen, dan zullen we dus een hedendaags alternatief moeten vinden voor het romantische paradigma. Deze studie biedt daarom niet alleen een historisch-conceptuele analyse van het debat over de maatschappelijke functie van literatuur, maar ook de aanzet tot een paradigmawisseling. De auteur pleit voor een hedendaags 'relationeel' paradigma waarin romantische concepten als individualiteit en ongedeeldheid worden vervangen door die van relationaliteit en deelname

literature [humanities] --- Literature --- Literature and society --- Criticism --- Literature and society. --- Criticism. --- Appraisal of books --- Books --- Evaluation of literature --- Literary criticism --- Rhetoric --- Aesthetics --- Style, Literary --- Literature and sociology --- Society and literature --- Sociology and literature --- Sociolinguistics --- Appraisal --- Technique --- Evaluation --- Social aspects --- literature [discipline] --- literary studies