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This book presents a common principle of actions of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) from points of view at the atomic, molecular, and cellular levels. At the atomic level, chemical studies of ribonucleic acids explain the chemical behavior of lncRNAs. Structural biological analysis of lncRNAs and its binding proteins also reveal the precise mechanisms of their actions. Molecular biological approaches lead to insights into molecular mechanisms of these lncRNA actions. At the cellular or individual level of analysis, we grasp the biology and medicine of lncRNAs. These three layers of approaches are thoroughly new and produce novel insights into functions of lncRNAs in living cells. The book consists of five parts: 1) Bioinformatics and other methodologies for lncRNAs, 2) Atomic and molecular structures of lncRNAs, 3) Molecular functions of lncRNAs, 4) Biological actions of lncRNAs, and 5) Potential outcomes for clinical medicine. These sections connect well and work synergistically. The book is for researchers whose specialty is RNA biology and chemistry and also for advanced students at the graduate and undergraduate levels. Readers can grasp the leading edge of lncRNA studies in a comprehensive manner and are inspired to pursue their own particular interests.

Organic chemistry --- Genetics --- Histology. Cytology --- Molecular biology --- Human genetics --- RNA (ribonucleic acid) --- genen --- nucleïnezuren --- organische chemie --- medische genetica --- cytologie --- genetische manipulatie --- DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) --- histologie

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This book summarizes microRNA (miRNA) biology in a variety of pathological processes, emphasizing the significant potential applications of miRNA in diagnostics and prognostics, as well as novel drug targets. The conventional techniques used for miRNA detection including standard PCR, Northern blotting, microarray and clone methods are addressed. Recent emerging strategies in miRNA detection and quantification with superior flexibility and adaptability, such as novel molecular biological techniques and locked nucleic acid (LNA) modified probes, as well as nanotechnology-based approaches, are also included. The book also highlights the latest advances in clinical-related miRNA detection methods in living cells, circulating blood and tissue, such as in situ hybridization (ISH) and molecular imaging techniques, which are useful to elucidate the biogenesis and biological function of miRNAs in vivo. Finally, the respective advantages and drawbacks of various detection techniques in this fast-moving field are discussed, along with the challenges and promising new directions. This book offers a valuable resource for analytical chemists, biologists and physicians involved in miRNA research. Dr. Xueji Zhang and Dr. Haifeng Dong are Professors at the School of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing (USTB), China. Dr. Yaping Tian is a Professor at the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Military Medical School, China.

Analytical chemistry --- Organic chemistry --- Genetics --- Molecular biology --- Oncology. Neoplasms --- PCR (polymerase chain reaction) --- RNA (ribonucleic acid) --- nucleïnezuren --- organische chemie --- analytische chemie --- oncologie --- genetische manipulatie --- gentherapie --- DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

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This edited volume describes cell-SELEX as the fundamental tool used to generate aptamer molecules for a wide range of applications in molecular medicine, bioanalysis and chemical biology. Easily integrated into the natural heterogeneous cell matrix, aptamers can be effectively used in theranostics, bioanalysis, environment detection and biomedical studies. The book gathers reviews that reflect the latest advances in the field of aptamers, and consists in fourteen chapters demonstrating essential examples of these aptamers and aptamer-nanomaterial assemblies, depending on the types of applications and biological systems. It also includes a separate chapter on the utilization of aptamers in real clinics and what will be required to achieve this significant goal. The book will be both appealing and useful to a broad audience, including biologists, bioscientists, and clinicians whose interests range from chemistry and biomedical engineering to cell and molecular biology and biotechnology. Weihong Tan is a Distinguished Professor of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering at Hunan University, China and also a University of Florida Distinguished Professor and V.T. and Louis Jackson Professor of Chemistry at the University of Florida, USA. Xiaohong Fang is a Professor at the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.

Organic chemistry --- Genetics --- Molecular biology --- Oncology. Neoplasms --- Biotechnology --- RNA (ribonucleic acid) --- nucleïnezuren --- organische chemie --- oncologie --- biotechnologie --- genetische manipulatie --- DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) --- moleculaire biologie

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The ability of a single genome to give rise to hundreds of functionally distinct cell type programs is in itself remarkable. Pioneering studies over the past few decades have demonstrated that this plasticity is retained throughout development, a phenomenon of epigenetic programming and reprogramming that remains one of the most fascinating areas of modern biology, with major relevance to human health and disease. This book presents the basic biology involved, including key mechanistic insights into this rapidly growing field.

Organic chemistry --- Genetics --- Histology. Cytology --- Molecular biology --- Biology --- Human genetics --- Biotechnology --- RNA (ribonucleic acid) --- nucleïnezuren --- organische chemie --- medische genetica --- biologie --- genetica --- cytologie --- genetische manipulatie --- DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) --- histologie

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This book provides a thorough review of various non-coding genomic elements and discusses in depth their role in health, disease and evolution. It begins with an exploration of non-coding RNA molecules miRNAs, piRNAs, LncRNAs and transposable elements as these moieties dominate the scientific literature the last ten years. The second part of the book discusses copy number variation regions, mini and micro satellites, and proximal and distal elements of the genome. The last section of the book focuses on the review of well-known non-coding regions of the genome, introns, centromeres and telomeres, but enriched with newly discovered functions. As the vast amount of data in regards to these elements is attributed to a great degree to the growing technology in the field of biomedicine, the last chapter of the book discusses the latest development in the field of Next Generation Sequence and the potential applications of this technology in the study of non-coding regions of the genome. This new volume provides an in depth background on ‘junk DNA’ and helps set the stage for future research, and is an essential tool for those in the field.

Genetics --- Pathology --- Medicine --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Genomes. --- DNA. --- RNA. --- Ribonucleic acid --- Ribose nucleic acid --- Deoxyribonucleic acid --- Desoxyribonucleic acid --- Thymonucleic acid --- TNA (Nucleic acid) --- Medicine. --- Human genetics. --- Cell biology. --- Developmental biology. --- Biomedicine. --- Human Genetics. --- Cell Biology. --- Developmental Biology. --- Nucleic acids --- Ribose --- Deoxyribose --- Genes --- Genomics --- Haploidy --- Cytology. --- Development (Biology) --- Growth --- Ontogeny --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Heredity, Human --- Human biology --- Physical anthropology