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Why do some developing countries have more efficient health systems and better health outcomes? Contrary to existing theory that posits the superiority of proportional representation (PR) rules on public-goods provision, this book argues that electoral rules function differently given the underlying ethnic structure. In countries with low ethnic salience, PR has the same positive effect as in past theories. In countries with high ethnic salience, the geographic distribution of ethnic groups further matters: where they are intermixed, PR rules are worse for health outcomes; where they are isolated, neither rule is superior. The theory is supported through a combination of careful analysis of electoral reform in individual country cases with numerous well-designed cross-country comparisons. The case studies include Thailand, Mauritius, Malaysia, Botswana, Burma and Indonesia. The theory has broad implications for electoral rule design and suggests a middle ground in the debate between the Consociational and Centripetal schools of thought.

Health care reform --- Medical policy --- Medical care --- Health reform --- Health system reform --- Healthcare reform --- Medical care reform --- Reform of health care delivery --- Reform of medical care delivery --- Health insurance --- Delivery of health care --- Delivery of medical care --- Health care --- Health care delivery --- Health services --- Healthcare --- Medical and health care industry --- Medical services --- Personal health services --- Public health --- Political aspects.

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Clinical Genomics provides an overview of the various next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies that are currently used in clinical diagnostic laboratories. It presents key bioinformatic challenges and the solutions that must be addressed by clinical genomicists and genomic pathologists, such as specific pipelines for identification of the full range of variants that are clinically important. This book is also focused on the challenges of diagnostic interpretation of NGS results in a clinical setting.

Genomics. --- Medical genetics. --- Clinical genetics --- Diseases --- Heredity of disease --- Human genetics --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Genetic disorders --- Genome research --- Genomes --- Molecular genetics --- Genetic aspects --- Research --- Community Health Planning --- Public Health --- Biostatistics --- Health Education --- Health Promotion --- Community Health Systems --- Population-Based Planning --- Community Health Plannings --- Community Health System --- Health Planning, Community --- Health Plannings, Community --- Health System, Community --- Health Systems, Community --- Planning, Community Health --- Planning, Population-Based --- Plannings, Community Health --- Plannings, Population-Based --- Population Based Planning --- Population-Based Plannings --- System, Community Health --- Systems, Community Health --- Promotional Items --- Health Campaigns --- Promotion of Health --- Wellness Programs --- Campaign, Health --- Campaigns, Health --- Health Campaign --- Health Promotions --- Item, Promotional --- Items, Promotional --- Program, Wellness --- Programs, Wellness --- Promotion, Health --- Promotional Item --- Promotions, Health --- Wellness Program --- Preventive Health Services --- Preventive Medicine --- Education, Community Health --- Health Education, Community --- Community Health Education --- Education, Health --- Health --- Biological Statistics --- Biological Statistic --- Statistic, Biological --- Statistics, Biological --- Community Health --- Environment, Preventive Medicine & Public Health --- Environment, Preventive Medicine and Public Health --- Health, Community --- Health, Public --- Education, Public Health Professional --- education

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"This executive summary describes key results from four studies carried out by the RAND Corporation as part of Phase II of its work for the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG). The KRG asked RAND to undertake several studies aimed at improving the economic and social development of the Kurdistan Region -- Iraq."--Page 4 of cover.

Human services --- Labor market --- Vocational education --- Technical education --- Health care reform --- Social Welfare & Social Work - General --- Social Welfare & Social Work --- Social Sciences --- Health reform --- Health system reform --- Healthcare reform --- Medical care reform --- Reform of health care delivery --- Reform of medical care delivery --- Education, Technical --- Education, Vocational --- Vocational training --- Work experience --- Employees --- Market, Labor --- Supply and demand for labor --- Services, Human --- Supply and demand --- Medical policy --- Health insurance --- Education --- Professional education --- Markets --- Kurdistān (Iraq) --- Statistical services. --- Kordestān (Iraq)

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The Service Delivery Indicators (SDIs) provides a set of key indicators serving as a benchmark for service delivery performance in the health and education sectors in Sub-Saharan Africa. The overarching objective of the SDIs is to ascertain the quality of service delivery in primary education and basic health services. This would in turn enable governments and service providers alike to identify gaps and bottlenecks, as well as track progress over time, and across countries. The SDI survey interviewed 403 heath providers across Tanzania between May 2014 and July 2014. This technical report presents the findings from the implementation of the SDI in the health sector in Tanzania in 2014. Survey implementation activities took place following extensive consultations with the government and key stakeholders on survey design, sampling, and adaptation of survey instruments. A major challenge for Tanzania's health sector is the shortage of skilled human resources for health (HRH). This survey found that provider knowledge and abilities were not adequate to deliver quality services. Caseload per provider and absenteeism are relatively low, so the issue is not over burdened providers. There seems to be ample room for a significant increase in the caseload of Tanzanian providers, id est the level of productivity in health service delivery, without jeopardizing quality. In addition to increasing the volume of skilled HRH to address the shortage of providers, improvements in management, supervision and training is important to improving service delivery. Health for all in Tanzania will mean the simultaneous availability of widely accessible inputs and skilled providers.

Anemia --- Burden of Disease --- Children --- Dehydration --- Diabetes --- Diarrhea --- Disease Control & Prevention --- Doctors --- Financial Management --- Health --- Health Insurance --- Health Monitoring & Evaluation --- Health Professionals --- Health System Performance --- Health Systems Development & Reform --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Hepatitis --- Hospitals --- Human Development --- Human Resources --- Incentives --- Insurance --- Internet --- Knowledge --- Latrines --- Malaria --- Measles --- Measurement --- Morbidity --- Mortality --- Nurses --- Pneumonia --- Polio --- Population --- Posters --- Poverty --- Public Health --- Sterilization --- Tetanus --- Treatment --- Tuberculosis --- Vaccines --- Waste --- Weight --- Workers

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Innovation in medical technology generates a remarkable supply of new drugs, devices, and diagnostics that improve health, reduce risks, and extend life. But these technologies are too often used on the wrong patient, in the wrong setting, or at an unaffordable price. The only way to moderate the growth in health care costs without undermining the dynamic of medical innovation is to improve the process of assessing, pricing, prescribing, and using new technologies. Purchasing Medical Innovation analyzes the contemporary revolution in the purchasing of health care technology, with a focus on the roles of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Medicare and private health insurers, physicians and hospitals, and consumers themselves. The FDA is more thoroughly assessing product performance under real-world conditions as well as in laboratory settings, accelerating the path to market for breakthroughs while imposing use controls on risky products. Insurers are improving their criteria for coverage and designing payment methods that reward efficiency in the selection of new treatments. Hospitals are aligning adoption of complex supplies and equipment more closely with physicians' preferences for the best treatment for their patients. Consumers are becoming more engaged and financially accountable for their health care choices. This book describes both the strengths and deficiencies of the current system of purchasing and highlights opportunities for buyers, sellers, and users to help improve the value of medical technology: better outcomes at lower cost.

Medical technology --- Medical innovations --- Medical care, Cost of. --- Medical care --- Health care reform. --- Health insurance. --- Health plans, Prepaid --- Insurance, Health --- Medical care, Prepaid --- Medical insurance --- Prepaid health plans --- Prepaid medical care --- Sickness insurance --- Insurance --- Ambulance service --- Health care reform --- Home care services --- Hospitals --- Medically uninsured persons --- Surgical clinics --- Health reform --- Health system reform --- Healthcare reform --- Medical care reform --- Reform of health care delivery --- Reform of medical care delivery --- Medical policy --- Health insurance --- Medical care, Cost of --- Cost of medical care --- Health care costs --- Health care expenditures --- Medical costs --- Medical expenses --- Medical service, Cost of --- Medicine --- Medical economics --- Medical savings accounts --- Innovations, Medical --- Technological innovations --- Health care technology --- Health technology --- Technology --- Cost control. --- Prospective payment --- Emergency services --- Outpatient services --- Rehabilitation services --- Costs --- Innovations --- Biomedical Technology --- Biomedical Technologies --- Technology, Biomedical --- Technology, Health --- Technology, Health Care --- Health Care Technology --- Health Technology --- Biomedical Engineering --- Medical Informatics --- Cost control --- E-books --- artificial heart valves. --- cost of medical technology. --- cost of medical treatment. --- economics of healthcare. --- health care costs. --- health care reform. --- health insurance. --- health policy. --- hip replacement. --- improving patient care. --- innovative medical care. --- insurance coverage for medical care. --- joint replacement. --- knee replacement. --- medical care. --- medical costs. --- medical economics. --- medical innovation. --- medical market access. --- medical technology industry. --- medical technology. --- patient care. --- price of medical technology.