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Do women talk more than men? Does text messaging make you stupid? Can chimpanzees really talk to us? This fascinating textbook addresses a wide range of language myths, focusing on important big-picture issues such as the rule-governed nature of language or the influence of social factors on how we speak. Case studies and analysis of relevant experiments teach readers the skills to become informed consumers of social science research, while suggested open-ended exercises invite students to reflect further on what they've learned. With coverage of a broad range of topics (cognitive, social, historical), this textbook is ideal for non-technical survey courses in linguistics. Important points are illustrated with specific, memorable examples: invariant 'be' shows the rule-governed nature of African-American English; vulgar female speech in Papua New Guinea shows how beliefs about language and gender are culture-specific. Engaging and accessibly written, Kaplan's lively discussion challenges what we think we know about language.

Language and languages --- Sociolinguistics. --- Historical linguistics. --- Discourse analysis. --- Linguistic usage --- Usage, Linguistic --- Foreign languages --- Languages --- Anthropology --- Communication --- Ethnology --- Information theory --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Philology --- Linguistics --- Discourse grammar --- Text grammar --- Semantics --- Semiotics --- Diachronic linguistics --- Dynamic linguistics --- Evolutionary linguistics --- Language and history --- Language and society --- Society and language --- Sociology of language --- Language and culture --- Sociology --- Integrational linguistics (Oxford school) --- Language and sex --- Sexism in language --- Sex differences. --- Miscellanea. --- Usage. --- Grammars --- History --- Social aspects --- Sociological aspects --- Language and languages - Sex differences --- Language and languages - Usage --- Language and languages - Miscellanea --- Discourse analysis --- Historical linguistics --- Sociolinguistics --- #KVHA: Taalkunde --- #KVHA: Taalonderwijs --- #KVHA: Taalgebruik --- #KVHA: Cultuurgeschiedenis; Taal --- #KVHA: Mythevorming; Taal --- Sex differences --- Usage --- Miscellanea

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Le mardi 29 mai 1453, les armées ottomanes de Mehmet II prennent Constantinople, la capitale inaugurée par Constantin plus de mille ans auparavant, le 11 mai 330. L'originalité profonde de l'ouvrage de Michel Kaplan est de restituer l'histoire de l'Empire byzantin en fonction des contraintes et des nécessités (politiques, religieuses, physiques, géographiques, culturelles) qui dictèrent cette histoire singulière. Ce faisant, il évalue la présence de l'héritage byzantin dans l'Europe d'aujourd'hui. Notre civilisation doit à Byzance la transmission du legs de la Grèce antique : la totalité des ouvrages conservés depuis l'Iliade jusqu'aux Pères de l'Eglise nous a été transmise par les manuscrits copiés par les Byzantins. Sur le plan artistique, largement lié à la religion, l'héritage byzantin est presque limité à l'Europe orthodoxe, avec le plan en croix grecque et l'art de l'icône, suite à l'événement le plus important de l'histoire byzantine, le rétablissement du culte des images en 843. Enfin, l'Etat byzantin a constitué durant tous ces siècles un Etat de droit. La justice reposait sur le corpus de Justinien ; le pouvoir impérial reste jusqu'au bout autocratique par principe, mais le droit prime la force. L'histoire de l'Occident plonge ses racines dans Théodoric l'Ostrogoth, Clovis le Franc et son continuateur Charlemagne, Otton Ier et ses successeurs, autant de souverains qui prenaient leurs exemples à Constantinople.

Empire byzantin --- Histoire.

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Artificial intelligence --- Artificial intelligence --- Social aspects --- Moral and ethical aspects