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Defying the IRA? : intimidation, coercion, and communities during the Irish Revolution
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ISBN: 9781781383544 1781383545 1781382972 9781781382974 1786944014 Year: 2016 Publisher: Liverpool : Liverpool University Press,

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This book examines the grass-roots relationship between the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and the civilian population during the Irish Revolution. It is primarily concerned with the attempts of the militant revolutionaries to discourage, stifle, and punish dissent among the local populations in which they operated, and the actions or inactions by which dissent was expressed or implied.Focusing on the period of guerilla war against British rule from c. 1917 to 1922, it uncovers the acts of 'everyday' violence, threat, and harm that characterized much of the revolutionary activity of this period. Moving away from the ambushes and assassinations that have dominated much of the discourse on the revolution, the book explores low-level violent and non-violent agitation in the Irish town or parish. The opening chapter treats the IRA's challenge to the British state through the campaign against servants of the Crown - policemen, magistrates, civil servants, and others - and IRA participation in local government and the republican counter-state. The book then explores the nature of civilian defiance and IRA punishment in communities across the island before turning its attention specifically to the year that followed the 'Truce' of July 1921.This study argues that civilians rarely operated at either extreme of a spectrum of support but, rather, in a large and fluid middle ground. Behaviour was rooted in local circumstances, and influenced by local fears, suspicions, and rivalries. IRA punishment was similarly dictated by community conditions and usually suited to the nature of the perceived defiance. Overall, violence and intimidation in Ireland was persistent, but, by some contemporary standards, relatively restrained.


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Knights across the Atlantic : the Knights of Labor in Britain and Ireland
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ISBN: 9781781383537 9781781384145 1781384142 1781383537 1781383189 9781781383186 1786944030 Year: 2016 Publisher: Liverpool : Liverpool University Press,

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The Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor, the first national movement of the American working class, began in Philadelphia in 1869. Millions of Americans, white and black, men and women, became Knights between that date and 1917. But the Knights also spread beyond the borders of the United States and even beyond North America. Knights Across the Atlantic tells for the first time the full story of the Knights of Labor in Britain and Ireland, where they operated between 1883 and the end of the century. British and Irish Knights drew on the resources of their vast Order to establish a chain of branches through England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland that numbered more than 10,000 members at its peak. They drew on the fraternal ritual, industrial tactics, organisational models, and political concerns of their American Order and interpreted them in British and Irish conditions. They faced many of the same enemies, including hostile employers and rival trade unions. Unlike their American counterparts they organised only a handful of women at most. But British and Irish Knights left a profound imprint on subsequent British labour history. They helped inspire the British "New Unionists" of the 1890s. They influenced the movement for working-class politics, independent of Liberals and Conservatives alike, that soon led to the British Labour Party. Knights Across the Atlantic brings all these themes together. It provides new insights into relationships between class and gender, and places the Knights of Labor squarely at the heart of British and Irish as well as American history at the end of the nineteenth century.

Keywords

Gewerkschaft --- Labor unions. --- Labor unions --- History --- Knights of Labor --- Knights of Labor. --- 1800-1899 --- Irland --- Grossbritannien --- Ireland. --- Great Britain. --- Industrial unions --- Labor, Organized --- Labor organizations --- Organized labor --- Trade-unions --- Unions, Labor --- Unions, Trade --- Working-men's associations --- Labor movement --- Societies --- Central labor councils --- Guilds --- Syndicalism --- Noble Order of the Knights of Labor --- KofL --- National Assembly of the Knights of Labor --- USA --- Knights of Labor of America --- Socialist Trade and Labor Alliance --- Irish Free State --- Storbritannien --- Anglia --- Wielka Brytania --- Nagy-Britannia --- United Kingdom --- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland --- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland --- Grande-Bretagne --- Angliyah --- Briṭanyah --- Velikobritanii︠a︡ --- Saharātchaʻānāčhak --- Marea Britanie --- Prydain Fawr --- Royaume-Uni --- Iso-Britannia --- Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta --- Förenade kungariket --- Grã-Bretanha --- בריטניה --- イギリス --- Igirisu --- Northern Ireland --- Scotland --- Wales --- England and Wales --- Irlande --- Éire --- Poblacht na hÉireann --- Republic of Ireland --- Írország --- Irlanda --- Irish Republic --- Airlann --- アイルランド --- Airurando --- Irlanti --- Staat Irland --- Éire --- Poblacht na h'Eireann --- Republik Irland --- Saorstát Éireann --- Ireland --- Eire --- Insel --- Iren --- Vereinigtes Königreich von Großbritannien und Nordirland --- Großbritannien und Nordirland --- England --- UK --- Angleterre --- Brīṭāniyā al-ʿUẓmā --- Brīṭāniya 'l-ʿUẓmā --- Vereinigtes Königreich Großbritannien und Nordirland --- Great Britain --- Grande Bretagne --- British Isles --- Gran Bretagna --- U.K. --- GB --- British Empire --- Britisches Reich --- Briten --- Schottland --- Commonwealth --- 1707 --- -Airlann --- Velikobritanii͡ --- Labour --- Labor --- Smethwick --- Trade union --- United States --- Working class

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