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Begrijpend lezen 3.0. Groep 6
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ISBN: 9789000028009 Year: 2016 Publisher: Arnhem CITO (Centraal instituut voor toetsontwikkeling)

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Dissertation
Les nouvelles compétences du tribunal de commerce suite à l'adoption de la loi du 26 mars 2014 : état des lieux
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Year: 2016 Publisher: Liège Université de Liège (ULiège)

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Le 26 mars 2014, le législateur a adopté la loi « modifiant le Code judiciaire et la loi du 2 août concernant la lutte contre le retard de paiement dans les transactions commerciales en vue d’attribuer dans diverses matières la compétence au juge naturel » dite « loi sur le juge naturel ». Les articles 573 et 574 du Code judiciaire ont subi des modifications. La compétence du tribunal de commerce s’étend désormais aux entreprises. Quelles sont ces entreprises soumises à la compétence du tribunal de commerce ? Ce travail a pour but de déterminer le sens à donner à la notion d’ « entreprise » et plus précisément qui peut se présenter devant les juridictions consulaires en cas de litige.&#13;En premier lieu, nous passons en revue l’institution du juge consulaire. De tous temps, les tribunaux de commerce ont été composés à la fois de juges professionnels et consulaires, ces derniers y jouant un rôle déterminant grâce à leur expérience de la vie économique. La doctrine est unanime à cet égard.&#13;Ensuite, nous analysons les objectifs de la « loi sur le juge naturel », plus particulièrement ceux relatifs aux tribunaux de commerce qui visent à leur attribuer tous les litiges commerciaux concernant les entreprises, sans tenir compte de la valeur de la demande. Cela nous amène à focaliser notre attention sur les articles 573 et 574 du Code judiciaire qui font reposer la compétence des tribunaux de commerce, non plus sur la notion de commerçant, mais sur celle d’entreprise.&#13;Le travail se poursuit par l’examen des conséquences des changements précités sur les tribunaux de commerce. Dans un souci de clarté, nous posons d’abord les conditions requises pour que le tribunal de commerce soit compétent : il faut un litige entre « entreprises » et que celui-ci concerne « un acte accompli dans la poursuite d’un but économique ». Ensuite, l’intérêt est de déterminer qui sont les personnes soumises aux juridictions consulaires. Certaines catégories de justiciables sont, sans équivoque, comprises dans les compétences ou en sont clairement exclues. En revanche, d’autres catégories posent question. C’est notamment le cas des professions libérales telles que les notaires, les huissiers de justice et les avocats. La doctrine n’est pas unanime sur ce point. Enfin, nous constatons que certaines entités, comme les ASBL et les pouvoirs publics, qui n’étaient autrefois pas soumises aux tribunaux de commerce le sont désormais sous certaines conditions.&#13;Pour continuer, nous passons en revue les différentes définitions données à la notion d’« entreprise ». En effet, ce concept n’est pas univoque en droit. Néanmoins, une conclusion s’impose : cette notion jouit d’une définition large. Dès lors, nous exposons les inconvénients et les avantages de cette interprétation et ses éventuelles conséquences sur les tribunaux de commerce. Celles-ci sont relatives à l’augmentation des litiges introduits devant ces tribunaux, au règlement de la compétence de cette juridiction, aux procédures de médiation et de conciliation et à l’institution du juge consulaire. &#13;Pour terminer, nous assistons à la transformation du tribunal de commerce en tribunal économique. Cependant, malgré cet élargissement, des questions subsistent quant à la soumission de certains opérateurs à la compétence du tribunal de commerce. La notion d’entreprise reste polysémique. Enfin, les effets de la « loi sur le juge naturel » sur les tribunaux de commerce ne sont pas actuellement quantifiables avec précision. Nous ignorons encore jusqu’où la compétence des tribunaux de commerce sera étendue suite au passage à la notion d’entreprise.


Book
Ekklesiologie der Volkskirche : Theologische Zugänge in reformierter Perspektive
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ISBN: 9783290178529 3290178528 Year: 2016 Volume: 14 Publisher: Zürich Theologischer Verlag Zürich


Book
Fresh Expressions of Church : ekklesiologische Beobachtungen und Interpretationen einer neuen kirchlichen Bewegung
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ISBN: 9783290178543 3290178544 Year: 2016 Publisher: Zürich Theologischer Verlag Zürich


Book
The temptations of trade : Britain, Spain, and the struggle for empire
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ISBN: 0812292758 Year: 2016 Publisher: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania : University of Pennsylvania Press,

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The British and the Spanish had long been in conflict, often clashing over politics, trade, and religion. But in the early decades of the eighteenth century, these empires signed an asiento agreement granting the British South Sea Company a monopoly on the slave trade in the Spanish Atlantic, opening up a world of uneasy collaboration. British agents of the Company moved to cities in the Caribbean and West Indies, where they braved the unforgiving tropical climate and hostile religious environment in order to trade slaves, manufactured goods, and contraband with Spanish colonists. In the process, British merchants developed relationships with the Spanish—both professional and, at times, personal. The Temptations of Trade traces the development of these complicated relationships in the context of the centuries-long imperial rivalry between Spain and Britain. Many British Merchants, in developing personal ties to the Spanish, were able to collect potentially damaging information about Spanish imperial trade, military defenses, and internal conflict. British agents juggled personal friendships with national affiliation—and, at the same time, developed a network of illicit trade, contraband, and piracy extending beyond the legal reach of the British South Sea Company and often at the Company's direct expense. Ultimately, the very smuggling through which these empires unwittingly supported each other led to the resumption of Anglo-Spanish conflict, as both empires cracked down on the actions of traders within the colonies. The Temptations of Trade reveals the difficulties of colonizing regions far from strict imperial control, where the actions of individuals could both connect empires and drive them to war.


Book
World of malls : architectures of consumption
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ISBN: 9783775741392 9783775741385 Year: 2016 Publisher: Berlin : Munich : Hatje Cantz ; Architekturmuseum,

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The catalogue World of Malls is devoted to a type of building that was invented in the United States just less than sixty years ago and quickly spread throughout the world. Due to urban planning's increasing orientation toward the automobile, the mall became a substitute for lost urbanity. Yet what direction is the development of the shopping mall taking today? On the one hand, there continue to be spectacular new openings in America, Asia, the United Arab Emirates, and Europe. At the same time, however, many malls are empty, and some are being converted and repurposed. There is hardly any other building typology that is being discussed as controversially: does the shopping mall mean the death of the city, or does it stimulate its revitalization? In their essays, urban planners, economists, and architectural historians such as Anette Baldauf, Bob Bruegmann, Dietrich Erben, Richard Longstreth, Alain Thierstein, June Williamson, and Sophie Wolfrum examine the transformation processes of the shopping mall from the twentieth to the twenty-first century. (German edition ISBN 978-3-7757-4138-5) Exhibition: Architekturmuseum der TU Munchen in der Pinakothek der Moderne, 13.7.-22.10.2016


Book
The typography idea book : inspiration from 50 masters
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ISBN: 9781786270962 178627096X 1780678495 9781780678498 Year: 2016 Publisher: London Laurence King Publishing

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This book serves as an introduction to the key elements of good typographic design. Broken into sections covering the fundamentals of typography, the book features inspiring works by acclaimed typographic designers from across the world. Each section illustrates technical points and encourages readers to try out new ideas of their own. The subjects covered include typographic rebus, abstract form, overlapping, using grids, metaphoric construction and illumination. The result is an instantly accessible, jargon-free guide to typographic design using professional techniques.


Book
The Voynich Manuscript
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ISBN: 9780300217230 0300217234 Year: 2016 Publisher: New Haven (Conn.): Yale University Press

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"The fifteenth-century work commonly known as the Voynich Manuscript is often called the world's most mysterious book. Written in an unknown script by an unknown author, the manuscript has no clearer purpose now than when it was rediscovered in 1912 by rare books dealer Wilfrid Voynich. The manuscript appears and disappears throughout history, from the library of the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II to a secret sale of books in 1903 by the Society of Jesus in Rome. The book's language has eluded decipherment, and its elaborate illustrations remain as baffling as they are beautiful. For the first time, this facsimile, complete with reproductions of elaborate folding sections, allows readers to explore this enigma in all its stunning detail, from its one-of-a-kind 'Voynichese' text to its illustrations of otherworldly plants, unfamiliar constellations, and naked women swimming though fantastical tubes and green baths. The essays that accompany the manuscript explain what we have learned about this work--from alchemical, cryptographic, forensic, and historical perspectives--but they provide few definitive answers. Instead, as New York Times best-selling author Deborah Harkness says in her introduction, the book's essays 'invite the reader to join us at the heart of the mystery.'"--


Book
One Hundred Great Books on Typography
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ISBN: 9789460581854 9460581854 Year: 2016 Publisher: Antwerpen Luster

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This book presents the reader with one hundred valuable and influential books on the subject. Thematic sections allow the reader to navigate easily, and thorough reviews explain the importance of each book. This versatile collection is the ideal library for anyone who wants to know how type works and, more importantly, how to use it. The book also contains three interviews with typography experts and authors of influential books on the subject.


Book
Japanese gardens and landscapes, 1650-1950
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ISBN: 9780812244748 0812244745 Year: 2016 Publisher: Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Press

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Moss, stone, trees, and sand arranged in striking or natural-looking compositions: the tradition of establishing and refining the landscape has been the work of Japanese gardeners and designers for centuries. In Japanese Landscapes and Gardens, 1650-1950 Wybe Kuitert presents a richly illustrated survey of the gardens and the people who commissioned, created, and used them and chronicles the modernization of traditional aesthetics in the context of economic, political, and environmental transformation. Kuitert begins in the Edo period (1603-1868), when feudal lords recreated the landscape of the countryside as private space. During this same period, and following Chinese literary models, scholars and men of letters viewed the countryside itself, without any contrivance, as the ideal space in which to meet with friends and have a cup of tea. Stewards of inns, teahouses, and temples, on the other hand, followed increasingly cliched garden designs prescribed in popular, mass-produced pattern books. 0Over the course of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the newly wealthy captains of industry in Tokyo adopted the aesthetic of the feudal lords, finding great appeal in naturalistic landscapes and deciduous forests. Confronted with modernization and the West, tradition inevitably took on different meanings. Westerners, seeking to understand Japanese garden culture, found their answers in the pattern-book cliches, while in Japan, private landscapes became public and were designed in environmentally supportable ways, all sponsored by the government. An ancient, esoteric, and elite art extended its reach to every quarter of society, most notably with the extensive rebuilding that occurred in the aftermath of the Tokyo earthquake of 1923 and the end of World War II. In the wake of destruction came a new model for sustainable public parks and a heightened awareness of ecological issues, rooted above all in the natural landscape of Japan. 0.

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