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Alcohol is the sixth leading risk factor for disability and premature death all over the world, and one of the leading causes of premature mortality in western societies; it is a leading risk factor for death in young and middle-age males. Heavy drinking accounts for about two thirds of the burden of disease attributable to alcohol. In the early 1980s, screening and brief interventions (SBI) in primary health care settings were proposed as effective strategies to identify risky drinkers and to help them reduce their drinking. Since then, a growing body of evidence, including several meta-analysis and Cochrane reviews, has shown the efficacy and effectiveness of SBI in primary health settings. However, demonstrating the effectiveness of SBI has not been insufficient to facilitate its general implementation in the routines of primary health care physicians, and in fact the dissemination of SBI has proven to be a difficult business. Qualitative and quantitative research has identified most of the facilitators and barriers for its implementation, and publicly funded research has been earmarked to address the dissemination problems worldwide. Some examples are the World Health Organization Phase III and Phase IV studies on the identification and management of alcohol-related problems in primary care, EU funded projects (PHEPA, AMPHORA, ODHIN, BISTAIRS), the UK SIPS trials and the SBIRT developments sponsored by the Substance Abuse & Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) in the USA. The efficacy and effectiveness of SBI in primary health is now well established, but there are still some questions that remain unsolved: which practitioners should deliver them; what length should they be; is there a need for booster sessions; is there added value of a motivational approach? These questions, together with other relevant aspects of SBI, need ongoing research. In recent years, SBIs have been tested in settings other than primary health care, including hospitals, accident and emergency rooms, criminal justice, colleges and universities, social services and pharmacies. In some of those areas, the evidence is scarce (for example, pharmacies) while in others it is very promising (for example, students and hospitals). New technologies have also offered the possibility of online tools, and, in the last few years, different digital-based applications have been tested successfully as new ways to deliver effective SBIs to larger amounts of people. Brief interventions have also spread to drugs other than alcohol. This book aims to be an update of the state-of-the art of brief advice. It is a compilation of articles published by some of the most relevant researchers in the field in Frontiers in Psychiatry between 2014 and 2016.

brief intervention --- hazardous drinking --- brief advice --- Alcohol Drinking --- At-risk drinking

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Alcohol is the sixth leading risk factor for disability and premature death all over the world, and one of the leading causes of premature mortality in western societies; it is a leading risk factor for death in young and middle-age males. Heavy drinking accounts for about two thirds of the burden of disease attributable to alcohol. In the early 1980s, screening and brief interventions (SBI) in primary health care settings were proposed as effective strategies to identify risky drinkers and to help them reduce their drinking. Since then, a growing body of evidence, including several meta-analysis and Cochrane reviews, has shown the efficacy and effectiveness of SBI in primary health settings. However, demonstrating the effectiveness of SBI has not been insufficient to facilitate its general implementation in the routines of primary health care physicians, and in fact the dissemination of SBI has proven to be a difficult business. Qualitative and quantitative research has identified most of the facilitators and barriers for its implementation, and publicly funded research has been earmarked to address the dissemination problems worldwide. Some examples are the World Health Organization Phase III and Phase IV studies on the identification and management of alcohol-related problems in primary care, EU funded projects (PHEPA, AMPHORA, ODHIN, BISTAIRS), the UK SIPS trials and the SBIRT developments sponsored by the Substance Abuse & Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) in the USA. The efficacy and effectiveness of SBI in primary health is now well established, but there are still some questions that remain unsolved: which practitioners should deliver them; what length should they be; is there a need for booster sessions; is there added value of a motivational approach? These questions, together with other relevant aspects of SBI, need ongoing research. In recent years, SBIs have been tested in settings other than primary health care, including hospitals, accident and emergency rooms, criminal justice, colleges and universities, social services and pharmacies. In some of those areas, the evidence is scarce (for example, pharmacies) while in others it is very promising (for example, students and hospitals). New technologies have also offered the possibility of online tools, and, in the last few years, different digital-based applications have been tested successfully as new ways to deliver effective SBIs to larger amounts of people. Brief interventions have also spread to drugs other than alcohol. This book aims to be an update of the state-of-the art of brief advice. It is a compilation of articles published by some of the most relevant researchers in the field in Frontiers in Psychiatry between 2014 and 2016.

brief intervention --- hazardous drinking --- brief advice --- Alcohol Drinking --- At-risk drinking

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It is common knowledge that HIV is widespread in Malawi as it is in many other countries of Southern Africa. It is also a well-known fact that women suffer most and frequently are blamed the most. Many attempts are being made to address the pandemic and reduce the suffering, and often women are the focus. This book differs in that it looks at the other side, men. It contends that men have to play a major role in the fight, not only by changing behaviour but also by understanding concepts of masculinity and that women may also profit from that.

AIDS (Disease) --- Drinking of alcoholic beverages --- Masculinity --- Masculinity (Psychology) --- Sex (Psychology) --- Men --- Alcohol consumption --- Alcohol drinking --- Alcohol use --- Alcoholic beverage consumption --- Consumption of alcoholic beverages --- Drinking problem --- Liquor problem --- Social drinking --- Alcoholic beverages --- Alcoholism --- Temperance --- Acquired immune deficiency syndrome --- Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome --- Acquired immunological deficiency syndrome --- HIV infections --- Immunological deficiency syndromes --- Virus-induced immunosuppression

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Drawing on his years of experience as a Crown Prosecutor in Treaty 6 territory, Harold Johnson challenges readers to change the story we tell ourselves about the drink that goes by many names─booze, hooch, spirits, sauce, and the evocative "firewater." Confronting the harmful stereotype of the "lazy, drunken Indian," and rejecting medical, social and psychological explanations of the roots of alcoholism, Johnson cries out for solutions, not diagnoses, and shows how alcoholism continues to kill so many. Provocative, irreverent, and keenly aware of the power of stories, Firewater calls for people to make decisions about their communities and their lives on their own terms.

Indians of North America --- Alcoholism --- Drinking of alcoholic beverages --- Spiritual healing. --- Divine healing --- Faith-cure --- Faith healing --- Spiritual therapies --- Healing --- Miracles --- Alcohol consumption --- Alcohol drinking --- Alcohol use --- Alcoholic beverage consumption --- Consumption of alcoholic beverages --- Drinking problem --- Liquor problem --- Social drinking --- Alcoholic beverages --- Temperance --- Addiction to alcohol --- Alcohol abuse --- Alcohol intoxication --- Dipsomania --- Drunkenness --- Inebriety --- Intemperance --- Intoxication --- Jellinek's disease --- Substance abuse --- Controlled drinking --- Social aspects --- Treatment --- History. --- Religious aspects --- Intoxication, Alcohol --- Indigenous. --- Native. --- health. --- justice.

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"Molecular Aspects of Alcohol and Nutrition is a valuable resource for nutrition researchers and nutritionists who study or treat alcohol-related diseases. Experts from across the field of alcohol research explain how alcohol disrupts normal fat, carbohydrate, and protein metabolic processes occurring in the liver as well as other parts of the body. The book discusses how this can lead to alcoholic liver disease (ALD) as well as contribute to the onset of Type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. It also explores how alcohol affects nutrient absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and can lead to anemia and reduced amounts of fat soluble vitamins. This book explores both the primary and secondary consequences of alcohol consumption. Chapters in the first section investigate the basic science of alcohol metabolism focusing on how alcohol and its toxic metabolites disrupt and impair normal nutrient regulation at the molecular level. Further chapters explore how alcohol affects many extra-hepatic organs and tissues as well as the secondary consequences of alcohol consumption such as reduced levels of minerals like magnesium, calcium, and trace elements like zinc."--

Ethanol --- Molecular Biology --- Alcoholism --- Nutrition Disorders --- Genetics --- Alcohol-Related Disorders --- Biochemistry --- Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases --- Alcohols --- Substance-Related Disorders --- Biology --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Chemistry --- Organic Chemicals --- Diseases --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Mental Disorders --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Behavior Disorders --- Diagnosis, Psychiatric --- Mental Disorders, Severe --- Psychiatric Diagnosis --- Psychiatric Diseases --- Psychiatric Disorders --- Psychiatric Illness --- Mental Disorder --- Mental Disorder, Severe --- Psychiatric Disease --- Psychiatric Disorder --- Psychiatric Illnesses --- Severe Mental Disorder --- Severe Mental Disorders --- Mentally Ill Persons --- Natural Sciences --- Physical Sciences --- Discipline, Natural Science --- Disciplines, Natural Science --- Natural Science --- Natural Science Discipline --- Physical Science --- Science, Natural --- Science, Physical --- Sciences, Natural --- Sciences, Physical --- Chemicals, Organic --- Biologic Sciences --- Biological Science --- Science, Biological --- Sciences, Biological --- Biological Sciences --- Life Sciences --- Biologic Science --- Biological Science Discipline --- Discipline, Biological Science --- Disciplines, Biological Science --- Life Science --- Science Discipline, Biological --- Science Disciplines, Biological --- Science, Biologic --- Science, Life --- Sciences, Biologic --- Sciences, Life --- Prescription Drug Abuse --- Substance Addiction --- Drug Abuse --- Drug Addiction --- Drug Dependence --- Drug Habituation --- Drug Use Disorders --- Organic Mental Disorders, Substance-Induced --- Substance Abuse --- Substance Dependence --- Substance Use Disorders --- Abuse, Drug --- Abuse, Prescription Drug --- Abuse, Substance --- Abuses, Substance --- Addiction, Drug --- Addiction, Substance --- Dependence, Drug --- Dependence, Substance --- Disorder, Drug Use --- Disorder, Substance Use --- Drug Abuse, Prescription --- Drug Use Disorder --- Habituation, Drug --- Organic Mental Disorders, Substance Induced --- Substance Abuses --- Substance Use Disorder --- Drug and Narcotic Control --- Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders --- Psychoses, Alcoholic --- Social Problems --- Illicit Drugs --- Designer Drugs --- Behavior, Addictive --- Codependency, Psychological --- Prescription Drug Misuse --- Nutritional Physiological Phenomena --- Alcohol Related Disorders --- Alcohol-Related Disorder --- Disorder, Alcohol-Related --- Disorders, Alcohol-Related --- Genetic Structures --- Genetic Phenomena --- Nutritional Disorders --- Nutrition Disorder --- Nutritional Disorder --- Alcohol Addiction --- Alcohol Dependence --- Alcohol Use Disorder --- Alcohol Abuse --- Alcoholic Intoxication, Chronic --- Abuse, Alcohol --- Addiction, Alcohol --- Alcohol Use Disorders --- Chronic Alcoholic Intoxication --- Dependence, Alcohol --- Intoxication, Chronic Alcoholic --- Use Disorder, Alcohol --- Use Disorders, Alcohol --- Blood Alcohol Content --- Alcohol Drinking --- Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders --- Biochemical Genetics --- Biology, Molecular --- Genetics, Biochemical --- Genetics, Molecular --- Molecular Genetics --- Biochemical Genetic --- Genetic, Biochemical --- Genetic, Molecular --- Molecular Genetic --- Absolute Alcohol --- Grain Alcohol --- Alcohol, Ethyl --- Alcohol, Absolute --- Alcohol, Grain --- Ethyl Alcohol --- Mental Illness --- Illness, Mental --- Mental Illnesses --- Organic Chemical --- Chemical, Organic --- Chemical Dependence --- Substance Use --- Chemical Dependences --- Dependence, Chemical --- Dependences, Chemical --- Substance Uses --- Use, Substance --- Alcohol Problem --- Alcohol Problems --- Ethanol Abuse --- Abuse, Ethanol --- Substance Related Disorder --- Disorder, Substance Related --- Disorders, Substance Related --- Related Disorder, Substance --- Related Disorders, Substance