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Medieval manuscripts resisted obsolescence. Made by highly specialised craftspeople (scribes, illuminators, book binders) with labour-intensive processes using exclusive and sometimes exotic materials (parchment made from dozens or hundreds of skins, inks and paints made from prized minerals, animals and plants), books were expensive and built to last. They usually outlived their owners. Rather than discard them when they were superseded, book owners found ways to update, amend and upcycle books or book parts. These activities accelerated in the fifteenth century. Most manuscripts made before 1390 were bespoke and made for a particular client, but those made after 1390 (especially books of hours) were increasingly made for an open market, in which the producer was not in direct contact with the buyer. Increased efficiency led to more generic products, which owners were motivated to personalise. It also led to more blank parchment in the book, for example, the backs of inserted miniatures and the blanks ends of textual components. Book buyers of the late fourteenth and throughout the fifteenth century still held onto the old connotations of manuscripts-that they were custom-made luxury items-even when the production had become impersonal. Owners consequently purchased books made for an open market and then personalised them, filling in the blank spaces, and even adding more components later. This would give them an affordable product, but one that still smacked of luxury and met their individual needs. They kept older books in circulation by amending them, attached items to generic books to make them more relevant and valuable, and added new prayers with escalating indulgences as the culture of salvation shifted. Rudy considers ways in which book owners adjusted the contents of their books from the simplest (add a marginal note, sew in a curtain) to the most complex (take the book apart, embellish the components with painted decoration, add more quires of…

Civilization, Medieval. --- Codicology --- History --- Manuscriptology --- Bibliography --- Manuscripts --- Civilization, Medieval --- Medieval civilization --- Middle Ages --- Civilization --- Chivalry --- Renaissance --- book personalisation --- medieval manuscripts --- codicology --- religion --- material culture of the book --- customization --- devotional --- Book of hours --- Delft --- Netherlands --- Parchment --- Royal Library of the Netherlands --- Scribe --- Units of paper quantity

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Manuscripts --- Archivio di Stato di Arezzo --- Codices --- Italy. --- 091 <45 AREZZO> --- 091 <45 AREZZO> Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi--Italië--AREZZO --- Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi--Italië--AREZZO --- Books --- Nonbook materials --- Archival materials --- Charters --- Codicology --- Diplomatics --- Illumination of books and manuscripts --- Paleography --- Transmission of texts --- Catalogs --- Manuscripts - Italy - Arezzo - Catalogs --- Catalogue de manuscrits --- Arezzo --- Archivio di Stato

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This is a series of innovative studies in the textual and literary criticism of Latin literature, exploring how these two branches of the discipline are mutually supportive. The contributors include many leading scholars in the field. Individual essays are devoted to Catullus, Cicero, Horace, Lucretius, Ovid, Tacitus and Virgil, and there are also essays on the Renaissance reception of Virgil and on principles of editorial practice. The collection celebrates the extraordinary contribution which Michael Reeve has made and continues to make to Latin studies.

Latin literature --- Transmission of texts --- Manuscripts --- Greek & Latin Languages & Literatures --- Languages & Literatures --- Codices --- Books --- Nonbook materials --- Archival materials --- Charters --- Codicology --- Diplomatics --- Illumination of books and manuscripts --- Paleography --- Literary transmission --- Manuscript transmission --- Textual transmission --- Criticism, Textual --- Editions --- History and criticism --- Editing --- Transmission of texts. --- History and criticism. --- Editing.

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Manuscripts --- Manuscripts, Arabic --- Codices --- Books --- Nonbook materials --- Archival materials --- Charters --- Codicology --- Diplomatics --- Illumination of books and manuscripts --- Paleography --- Transmission of texts --- Qurʼan --- Al-Coran --- Al-Qur'an --- Alcorà --- Alcoran --- Alcorano --- Alcoranus --- Alcorão --- Alkoran --- Coran --- Curān --- Gulan jing --- Karan --- Koran --- Koranen --- Korani --- Koranio --- Korano --- Ku-lan ching --- Ḳurʼān --- Kurāna --- Kurani --- Kuru'an --- Qorān --- Quräan --- Qurʼān al-karīm --- Qurʺon --- Xuraan --- Κοράνιο --- Каран --- Коран --- קוראן --- قرآن --- Islamic countries --- Civilization --- Sources --- Muslim countries

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091 <438 KRAKOW> --- Manuscripts --- -Codices --- Books --- Nonbook materials --- Archival materials --- Charters --- Codicology --- Diplomatics --- Illumination of books and manuscripts --- Paleography --- Transmission of texts --- 091 <438 KRAKOW> Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi--Polen--KRAKOW --- Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi--Polen--KRAKOW --- Catalogs --- Biblioteka Jagiellońska Kraków --- Biblioteka uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego Kraków --- Catalogs. --- Manuscripts, Polish --- Polish manuscripts --- Biblioteka Jagiellońska --- Bibliotheca Iagellonica --- Jagellonische Bibliothek --- Jagiellonian Library --- Jagielloński Bibliotheek --- Kraków. --- Staatsbibliothek des Generalgouvernements (Poland (Territory under German occupation, 1939-1945)) --- Uniwersytet Jagielloński. --- Bibliothèque Jagellone --- Uniwersytet Jagielloński --- Pawlikowski family --- Archives --- Biblioteka Jagiellońska / katalogi --- Rękopisy / Polska / Kraków / katalogi --- Manuscripts, Polish - Poland - Kraków - Catalogs --- Pawlikowski family - Archives - Catalogs --- Manuscripts - Poland - Kraków - Catalogs