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Understanding the importance and necessity of the role of autophagy in health and disease is vital for the studies of cancer, aging, neurodegeneration, immunology, and infectious diseases. Comprehensive and forward-thinking, these books offer a valuable guide to both cellular processes while inciting researchers to explore their potentially important connections. Volume 8 Autophagy and Human Diseases, concentrates on the role of Autophagy in human diseases, including tumorigenesis. The diseases discussed include melanoma, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. Loss of autophagy in the central nervous system causes neurodegeneration (Alzheimers disease, Huntington's disease, Parkin's disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis). Melanoma is one of the most serious diseases in humans. Autophagy plays a key role in the anticancer response to Chemotherapy. However, autophagy can increase or decrease the effectiveness of chemotherapy. The reasons for these contradictory effects are explained. Autophagy also plays a role in idiopathic inflammatory diseases, infection, and immunity. An explanation is given how autophagy is closely linked to control of innate and adaptive immune responses in host defense in part by regulating cytokine production. The role of autophagy in cutaneous malignant melanoma is discussed in detail and expression of Beclin 1 and LC3 autophagic genes in melanoma is included to explain the molecular mechanisms underlying this very serious disease, which tends to metastasize to the brain. The effect of the treatment of this disease using Terfenadine through the induction of autophagy and apoptosis is also included. Autophagy and apoptosis are two main mechanisms involved in programmed cell death. Considering that autophagy is associated with numerous biological processes including cellular development and differentiation, cancer (both antitumor and protumor functions), immunity, infectious diseases, inflammation, maintenance of homeostasis, response to cellular stress, and degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and prion diseases, there is a great need to understanding its role. Cell homeostasis is achieved by balancing biosynthesis and cellular turnover. In spite of the increasing importance of autophagy in various pathophysiological situations (conditions) mentioned above, this process remains underestimated and overlooked. As a consequence, its role in the initiation, stability, maintenance, and progression of these and other diseases (e.g., autoimmune disease) remains poorly understood. Volumes in the Series Volume 1: Molecular Mechanisms. Elucidates autophagy's association with numerous biological processes, including cellular development and differentiation, cancer, immunity, infectious diseases, inflammation, maintenance of homeostasis, response to cellular stress, and degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and prion diseases. Volume 2: Role in General Diseases. Describes the various aspects of the complex process of autophagy in a myriad of devastating human diseases, expanding from a discussion of essential autophagic functions into the role of autophagy in proteins, pathogens, immunity, and general diseases. Volume 3: Role in Specific Diseases. Explores the role of autophagy in specific diseases and developments, including: Crohn's Disease, Gaucher Disease, Huntington's Disease, HCV infection, osteoarthritis, and liver injury, with a full section devoted to in-depth exploration of autophagy in tumor development and cancer, as well as the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis. Volume 4: Mitophagy. Presents detailed information on the role of mitophagy, the selective autophagy of mitochondria, in health and disease, by delivering an in-depth treatment of the molecular mechanisms involved in mitophagy initiation and execution, as well as the role of mitophagy in Parkinson Disease, cardiac aging, and skeletal muscle atrophy. Volume 5: Role in Human Diseases. Comprehensively describes the role of autophagy in human diseases, delivering coverage of the antitumor and protumor roles of autophagy; the therapeutic inhibition of autophagy in cancer; and the duality of autophagy's effects in various cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurodegenerative disorders. Volume 6: Regulation of Autophagy and Selective Autophagy. Provides coverage of the mechanisms of regulation of autophagy; intracellular pathogen use of the autophagy mechanism; the role of autophagy in host immunity; and selective autophagy. Volume 7: Role of Autophagy in Therapeutic Applications. Provides coverage of the latest developments in autophagosome biogenesis and regulation; the role of autophagy in protein quality control; the role of autophagy in apoptosis; autophagy in the cardiovascular system; and the relationships between autophagy and lifestyle. Volume 8: Autophagy and Human Diseases. Reviews recent advancements in the molecular mechanisms underlying a large number of genetic and epigenetic diseases and abnormalities, and introduces new, more effective therapeutic strategies, in the development of targeted drugs and programmed cell death, providing information that will aid on preventing detrimental inflammation. Volume 9: Necrosis and Inflammation in Human Diseases. Emphasizes the role of Autophagy in necrosis and inflammation, explaining in detail the molecular mechanism(s) underlying the formation of autophagosomes, including the progression of Omegasomes to autophagosomes.

Cell death. --- Autophagic vacuoles. --- Eukaryotic cells.

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Every time a cell divides, a copy of its genomic DNA has to be faithfully copied to generate new genomic DNA for the daughter cells.  The process of DNA replication needs to be precisely regulated to ensure that replication of the genome is complete and accurate, but that re-replication does not occur.  Errors in DNA replication can lead to genome instability and cancer.  The process of replication initiation is of paramount importance, because once the cell is committed to replicate DNA, it must finish this process.  A great deal of progress has been made in understanding how DNA replication is initiated in eukaryotic cells in the past ten years, but this is the first one-source book on these findings.  The Initiation of DNA Replication in Eukaryotes will focus on how DNA replication is initiated in eukaryotic cells. While the concept of replication initiation is simple, its elaborate regulation and integration with other cell processes results in a high level of complexity.  This book will cover how the position of replication initiation is chosen, how replication initiation is integrated with the phases of the cell cycle, and how it is regulated in the case of damage to DNA.   It is the cellular protein machinery that enables replication initiation to be activated and regulated.  We now have an in-depth understanding of how cellular proteins work together to start DNA replication, and this new resource will reveal a mechanistic description of DNA replication initiation as well.

Pathology --- Genetics --- Medicine --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Eukaryotic cells --- Genetics. --- Eukaryotic cell genetics --- Cytogenetics --- Human genetics. --- Biological models. --- Microbial genetics. --- Microbial genomics. --- Human Genetics. --- Systems Biology. --- Microbial Genetics and Genomics. --- Heredity, Human --- Human biology --- Physical anthropology --- Models, Biological --- Genomics --- Microbial genetics --- Microorganisms --- Microbiology --- Systems biology. --- Computational biology --- Bioinformatics --- Biological systems --- Molecular biology --- Eukaryotic cells. --- Cytology. --- DNA replication. --- Molecular biology. --- DNA Replication --- Eukaryotic Cells --- Cell Biology --- Molecular Biology --- physiology --- Biochemical Genetics --- Biology, Molecular --- Genetics, Biochemical --- Genetics, Molecular --- Molecular Genetics --- Biochemical Genetic --- Genetic, Biochemical --- Genetic, Molecular --- Molecular Genetic --- Genetic Phenomena --- Cellular Biology --- Biologies, Cell --- Biologies, Cellular --- Biology, Cell --- Biology, Cellular --- Cell Biologies --- Cellular Biologies --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biochemistry --- Biophysics --- Biomolecules --- Systems biology --- Chromosomal DNA replication --- DNA --- Replication of DNA --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cells --- Eucaryotic cells --- Protista --- Replication --- Synthesis

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Since accidentally discovering the ability of glycerol on protecting cells from freezing damage, many researchers have been pursuing to develop cryopreservation methods of a very wide range of cells and some tissues, and these have found widespread applications in biology and medicine. From the point of view of living organisms, cryopreservation is a useful tool for ex situ conservation of genetic resources together with its contribution on conservation of their biodiversity. Cryopreservation in Eukaryotes includes totally 12 chapters, which have been written by the expert researchers in the field. The chapters are a comprehensive collection of the most frequently used methods for eukaryotes. With this book, every researcher will better understand the principles, background, and current status of cryopreservation in particular organisms.

Cryopreservation of organs, tissues, etc. --- Eukaryotic cells. --- Methodology. --- Eucaryotic cells --- Cells --- Protista --- Cryoconservation of organs, tissues, etc. --- Cryogenic preservation of organs, tissues, etc. --- Low temperature preservation of organs, tissues, etc. --- Preservation of organs, tissues, etc. --- Cryobiology --- Cryonics --- Life Sciences --- Microbiology --- Genetics and Molecular Biology --- Cytology --- Biochemistry