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Based on a data series of more than 50 years, this book discusses spatial and seasonal variability in air-mass and frontal extreme precipitation frequency and as well as the relationship between their occurrence and atmospheric circulation. The climatology of air-mass and frontal extreme precipitation is presented for the first time on a European scale. Since there is no robust, automatic method of locating atmospheric fronts, this challenging task has to be performed manually. Moreover, there is limited availability of the complex sub-daily data that is necessary to recognize the dynamic of meteorological fronts. The results show a clear regional and seasonal variety in the relationship between extreme precipitation occurrence and atmospheric circulation depending on precipitation origin. The probability of air-mass and frontal precipitation occurrence provides crucial information for studies in predictability and modeling. This book is intended for students, specialists in the field of climatology and climate change, climate process modelers, and other experts for whom extreme precipitation is important.x.

Earth sciences. --- Climatology. --- Meteorology. --- Atmospheric sciences. --- Earth Sciences. --- Atmospheric Sciences. --- Precipitation (Meteorology) --- Precipitation anomalies --- Air masses --- Anomalies, Precipitation --- Fluctuations, Precipitation --- Precipitation fluctuations --- Atmospheric circulation --- Fronts (Meteorology) --- Climatic changes --- Water --- Weather --- Cloud physics --- Aerology --- Atmospheric science --- Climate --- Climate science --- Climate sciences --- Science of climate --- Atmospheric sciences --- Earth sciences --- Atmosphere

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For US postwar data, the paper explains central consumption, labor, investment and output correlations and volatilities along with output growth persistence by including a human capital investment sector and a variable physical capital utilization rate. Strong internal "amplication" results from an economy-wide productivity shock across goods and human capital investment sectors that has variances 10,000 fold smaller than in the standard RBC TFP shock. Simulated moments are compared to data moments for the business cycle, the low frequency and the Medium Cycle frequency, as well as the high frequency. A metric is provided to gauge that the results have an average of 46% deviation of simulated moments from data moments, for a broad array of targets across all windows. Within this array, key correlations have only a 15% deviation in the business cycle window, and growth persistence only an 8% deviation in the low frequency, which indicates good "propagation". Countercyclic human capital investment time and procyclic physical capital capacity utilization rates are also found as in data.

Business cycles --- Human capital --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Production and Operations Management --- Neoclassical --- Business Fluctuations --- Cycles --- Trade: General --- Human Capital --- Skills --- Occupational Choice --- Labor Productivity --- Production --- Cost --- Capital and Total Factor Productivity --- Capacity --- Labor Economics: General --- Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Macroeconomics: Production --- Labour --- income economics --- Economic growth --- Total factor productivity --- Capacity utilization --- Industrial productivity --- Labor economics --- Industrial capacity --- United States

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This paper assesses the strength of business cycle synchronization between 1950 and 2014 in a sample of 21 countries using a new quarterly dataset based on IMF archival data. Contrary to the common wisdom, we find that the globalization period is not associated with more output synchronization at the global level. The world business cycle was as strong during Bretton Woods (1950-1971) than during the Globalization period (1984-2006). Although globalization did not affect the average level of co-movement, trade and financial integration strongly affect the way countries co-move with the rest of the world. We find that financial integration de-synchronizes national outputs from the world cycle, although the magnitude of this effect depends crucially on the type of shocks hitting the world economy. This de-synchronizing effect has offset the synchronizing impact of other forces, such as increased trade integration.

Business cycles. --- Globalization. --- Commerce. --- Trade --- Economics --- Business --- Transportation --- Global cities --- Globalisation --- Internationalization --- International relations --- Anti-globalization movement --- Economic cycles --- Economic fluctuations --- Cycles --- Traffic (Commerce) --- Merchants --- Exports and Imports --- Finance: General --- Foreign Exchange --- Macroeconomics --- Globalization --- Business Fluctuations --- Open Economy Macroeconomics --- International Policy Coordination and Transmission --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Financial Aspects of Economic Integration --- Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Globalization: General --- Finance --- International economics --- Economic growth --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Financial integration --- Trade integration --- Business cycles --- Exchange rate arrangements --- Financial markets --- Economic integration --- International finance --- International economic integration --- United States

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What are the drivers of business cycle fluctuations? And how many are there? By documenting strong and predictable co-movement of real variables during the business cycle in a sample of advanced economies, we argue that most business cycle fluctuations are driven by one major factor. The positive co-movement of real output and inflation convincingly argues for a demand story. We propose a simple statistic that can compare data and models. Based on this statistic, we show that the recent vintage of structural economic models has difficulties replicating the stylized facts we document.

Business cycles --- Inflation (Finance) --- Capital productivity --- Capital output ratios --- Productivity of capital --- Industrial productivity --- Production (Economic theory) --- Government productivity --- Labor productivity --- Finance --- Natural rate of unemployment --- Economic cycles --- Economic fluctuations --- Cycles --- E-books --- Business cycles. --- Banks and Banking --- Econometrics --- Inflation --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Econometric and Statistical Methods: General --- Business Fluctuations --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Monetary Policy --- Econometric Modeling: General --- Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects --- Economic growth --- Monetary economics --- Econometrics & economic statistics --- Inflation targeting --- Econometric models --- Short term interest rates --- Prices --- Monetary policy --- Econometric analysis --- Financial services --- Interest rates --- United States

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"This book addresses environmental changes and how they reconfigure society's relationship to the future. It argues that Man does not build "his" future alone: instead, environmental changes are also proof of the future-making capacity of non-human beings. The author elaborates on the notion of the futures of Nature by drawing on theoretical contributions by recent ground-breaking literature in the field of environmental humanities. The book also builds on a sociological investigation into the practices implemented by environmental scientists, experts and managers confronted with environmental changes. Thinking of nature in terms of its futures requires us to overcome the rooted philosophical tradition that associates nature with permanence and society with creative change. This is a daunting task which can only be successful if we look beyond the long-lasting influence of the human-centered categories of innovation, development and civilization that social sciences have themselves contributed to coining. We need to consider the active capacities of change and transformation of living beings and matter itself. This book is of academic interest, but is also for managers in different fields and areas affected by environmental changes."--Page 4 of cover.

Environmental Sciences --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Global environmental change. --- Climatic changes --- Philosophy. --- Social aspects. --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Environmental change, Global --- Global change, Environmental --- Global environmental changes --- Change --- Ecology --- Environmental aspects --- Global environmental change