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Water quality management --- Revolving funds --- Funds, Revolving --- Public enterprise funds --- Budget --- Expenditures, Public --- Government business enterprises --- Finance. --- Finance --- E-books

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Reform of the SOE sector is a high priority for the government. The recently published “National Strategy 2020” promises “state property management reform,” and related reforms in areas such as the organization of government agencies, public procurement, competition policy, and corporate regulation. Reform of the SOE sector also features prominently in the government’s 2014 Coalition Agreement. High levels of direct and indirect state support is adding to the significant fiscal risks emanating from SOE sector, a problem that is being exacerbated by the severe economic situation. In addition, weaknesses in the management of the state’s investment portfolio need to be addressed to help to significantly increase the value of the government’s portfolio of state assets. This will only be possible through improved oversight and governance of the SOE sector.

Accounting --- Budgeting --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Public Administration --- Public Sector Accounting and Audits --- Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: General --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- Public Enterprises --- Public-Private Enterprises --- Public ownership --- nationalization --- Public finance & taxation --- Budgeting & financial management --- Civil service & public sector --- Financial reporting, financial statements --- Public enterprises --- Fiscal risks --- Budget planning and preparation --- Public sector --- Financial statements --- Government business enterprises --- Fiscal policy --- Budget --- Finance, Public --- Ukraine

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This paper examines whether the rapid growing firm patenting activity in China is associated with real economic outcome by building a unique dataset uniting detailed firm balance sheet information with firm patent data for the period of 1998-2007. We find strong evidence that within-firm increases in patent stock are associated with increases in firm size, exports, and more interestingly, total factor productivity and new product revenue share. Event studies using first-time patentees as the treatment group and non-patenting firms selected based on Propensity-Score Matching method as the control group also demonstrate similar effects following initial patent application. We also find that although state-owned enterprises (SOEs) on average have lower level of productivity and are less innovative compared to their non-state-owned peers, increases in patent stock tend to be associated with higher productivity growth among SOEs, especially for patents with lower innovative content. The latter could reflect the preferential government policies enjoyed by SOEs.

Economic development --- Industrial productivity --- Investments: Stocks --- Macroeconomics --- Production and Operations Management --- Economic Growth of Open Economies --- Industry Studies: Manufacturing: General --- Technological Change: Choices and Consequences --- Diffusion Processes --- Institutions and Growth --- Economywide Country Studies: Asia including Middle East --- Socialist Enterprises and Their Transitions --- Production --- Cost --- Capital and Total Factor Productivity --- Capacity --- Macroeconomics: Production --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- Employment --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: General --- Investment & securities --- Public ownership --- nationalization --- Total factor productivity --- Productivity --- Stocks --- Capital productivity --- Public enterprises --- Financial institutions --- Economic sectors --- Government business enterprises --- China, People's Republic of

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This 2016 Article IV Consultation highlights that the macroeconomic outlook for Tuvalu is stable. Real GDP growth in 2015 is estimated at 2.6 percent and is projected to rise to 4 percent in 2016 owing to several large infrastructure projects and recovery spending following Cyclone Pam. Inflation remained steady in 2015 at 3.2 percent. The fiscal position is expected to turn into a small deficit in 2016 and is projected to remain in deficit over the medium term. Risks to the outlook relate to the effects of climate change, volatility in fishing revenues, and volatile global financial conditions, which could affect distributions to the budget from the Tuvalu Trust Fund.

Economic development --- Climatic changes --- International Monetary Fund --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Environmental aspects --- Internationaal monetair fonds --- International monetary fund --- Global environmental change --- Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Agribusiness --- Environmental Economics --- Budgeting --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Climate --- Natural Disasters and Their Management --- Global Warming --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: General --- Public finance & taxation --- International economics --- Public ownership --- nationalization --- Public debt --- External debt --- Public enterprises --- Public and publicly-guaranteed external debt --- Environment --- Economic sectors --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Debts, External --- Debts, Public --- Finance, Public --- Government business enterprises --- Tuvalu