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What sort of human behavior might be deemed not only proper but justified within the framework of Aristotelian virtue ethics? The present study takes up this question on the basis of medieval Aristotle reception, in the work of Thomas Aquinas in particular. It reveals there is great philosophical promise - from a methodic and systematic perspective - in combining virtue ethics with ethical universalism. Wie lässt sich im Rahmen einer an Aristoteles orientierten Tugendethik begründen, dass man gerecht handeln soll? Gerechtes Handeln sollte dabei nicht nur das eigene Glück verfolgen, sondern vielmehr das fremde Wohl. Gibt es die Möglichkeit, kulturinvariante und überzeitliche Normen gerechten Handelns in systematisch und methodisch überzeugender Weise herauszustellen? Die vorliegende Studie untersucht diese Probleme anhand einschlägiger Positionen der mittelalterlichen Rezeption von Aristotelesʼ Gerechtigkeitstheorie, besonders der des Thomas von Aquin. Sie zeigt, dass die in diesen Positionen entwickelte Verbindung des tugendethischen Ansatzes mit einem ethischen Universalismus eine vielversprechende philosophische Option in systematischer und methodischer Hinsicht darstellt.
Universalism. --- Aristotle. --- Thomism. --- Virtue ethics. --- ethical universalism. --- theory of justice.
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Universal equality is a treasured political concept in France, but recent anxiety over the country's Muslim minority has led to an emphasis on a new form of universalism, one promoting loyalty to the nation at the expense of all ethnic and religious affiliations. This timely book offers a fresh perspective on the debate by showing that French equality has not always demanded an erasure of differences. Through close and contextualized readings of the way that major novelists, philosophers, filmmakers, and political figures have struggled with the question of integrating Jews into French society, Maurice Samuels draws lessons about how the French have often understood the universal in relation to the particular. Samuels demonstrates that Jewish difference has always been essential to the elaboration of French universalism, whether as its foil or as proof of its reach. He traces the development of this discourse through key moments in French history, from debates over granting Jews civil rights during the Revolution, through the Dreyfus Affair and Vichy, and up to the rise of a "new antisemitism" in recent years. By recovering the forgotten history of a more open, pluralistic form of French universalism, Samuels points toward new ways of moving beyond current ethnic and religious dilemmas and argues for a more inclusive view of what constitutes political discourse in France.
Jews --- Antisemitism --- Jews in literature. --- Social conditions. --- France. --- French Revolution. --- Jews. --- Muslims. --- assimilation. --- laïcité. --- minorities. --- pluralism. --- universalism.
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Kafka's work has been attributed a universal significance and is often regarded as the ultimate witness of the human condition in the twentieth century. Yet his work is also considered paradigmatic for the expression of the singular that cannot be subsumed under any generalization. This paradox engenders questions not only concerning the meaning of the universal as it manifests itself in (and is transformed by) Kafka's writings but also about the expression of the singular in literary fiction as it challenges the opposition between the universal and the singular. The contributions in this volume approach these questions from a variety of perspectives. They are structured according to the following issues: ambiguity as a tool of deconstructing the pre-established philosophical meanings of the universal; the concept of the law as a major symbol for the universal meaning of Kafka's writings; the presence of animals in Kafka's texts; the modernist mode of writing as challenge of philosophical concepts of the universal; and the meaning and relevance of the universal in contemporary Kafka reception. This volume examines central aspects of the interplay between philosophy and literature.
Philosophy in literature --- Kafka, Franz, --- Criticism and interpretation --- Authors, Austrian --- Austrian authors --- Singularity. --- modernism. --- narrative. --- universalism. --- Ḳafḳa, Frants, --- Kʻapʻŭkʻa, --- Kafka, F. --- Kaphka, Phrants, --- Ḳafḳa, Amshel, --- Kafka, Franc, --- Kʻa-fu-kʻa, --- Kʻa-fu-kʻa, Fu-lang-tzʻu, --- Kāk̲apkā, --- Кафка, Франц, --- Кафка, Ф., --- フランツ・カフカ, --- קאפקא, פראנץ, --- קאפקא, פרנץ, --- קאפקה, פראנץ, --- קפקא, --- קפקא, פרנץ, --- كافكا، فرانتس، --- كفكا، فرنز، --- کافکا، فرانز، --- Kafka, Franz
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This book provides readers the idea of systemically synthesizing various kind of knowledge, which needs to combine analytical thinking and synthetic thinking. Systems science is expected to help in solving contemporary complex problems, utilizing interdisciplinary knowledge effectively and combining analytical thinking and synthetic thinking efficiently. However, traditional systems science has been divided into two schools: one seeks a systematic procedure to give a correct objective answer; the other develops an emergent, systemic process so that the user can continue exploratory learning. It is not an exaggeration to say that analytical thinking and synthetic thinking have been developed independently, in different schools. This book integrates approaches developed in these two schools, using ideas in knowledge science that have been emerging recently under the influence of Eastern thinking. It emphasizes the importance of utilizing intuition in systems approaches, whereas other books usually try to solve problems rationally and objectively, rejecting subjectivity. This book never denies rationality and objectivity; however, complex problems of today do not always yield to complete analysis. The novelty of this present volume is that it takes in the ideas of synthetic thinking in knowledge science to develop systems science further. The chapter contributors, who are experienced systems scientists with a profound understanding of knowledge management, discuss knowledge synthesis from the Western and Eastern cultural perspectives. The book introduces a theory on systemic knowledge synthesis in an odd chapter and then presents an application of the theory in the next chapter in order to contribute to developing translational systems science.
Social policy. --- Sociology. --- Economics. --- Social Policy. --- Knowledge - Discourse. --- Sociological Theory. --- East and West. --- Globalization. --- Universalism. --- Salus extra ecclesiam --- Universal salvation --- Global cities --- Globalisation --- Internationalization --- Civilization, Western --- Civilization, Oriental --- Occident and Orient --- Orient and Occident --- West and East --- Asian influences --- Oriental influences --- Western influences --- International relations --- Anti-globalization movement --- Salvation --- Salvation after death --- Eastern question --- Christianity --- National planning --- State planning --- Economic policy --- Family policy --- Social history --- Social theory --- Social sciences
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"E. Pauline Johnson, also known as Tekahionwake, is remarkable as one of a very few early North American Indigenous poets and fiction writers. Most Indigenous writers of her time were men educated for the ministry who published religious, anthropological, autobiographical, political, and historical works, rather than poetry and fiction. More extraordinary still, she became both a canonical poet and a literary celebrity, performing on stage for fifteen years across Canada, in the US, and in London. Johnson is now seen as a central figure in the intellectual history of Canada and the United States, and as an important historical example of Indigenous feminism. This edition collects a diverse range of Johnson's writings on what was then called "the Indian question" and on the question of her own complex Indigenous identity. Six thematic sections gather Johnson's poetry, fiction, and non-fiction, and a rich selection of historical appendices provide context for her public life and her work as a feminist and activist for Indigenous people"--
Canadian literature (English) --- English literature --- Canadian literature --- Native authors --- Study and teaching. --- History and criticism. --- Indian authors --- Johnson, E. Pauline, --- Canada --- Johnson, Pauline, --- Johnson, Emily Pauline, --- Tekahionwake, --- Tekahion-wake, --- Dz︠h︡onson, Polin, --- Tekahionveĭk, --- Johnson, E. Pauline --- Canadian literary history. --- Eurocentrism. --- Idle No More. --- Imaginary Indian. --- Indigenous epistemologies. --- Indigenous images. --- Indigenous literary approaches. --- Indigenous literary history. --- Indigenous literary nationalism. --- epistemological diffusionism. --- gender. --- pedagogy. --- positionality. --- reconciliation. --- sovereignty. --- storytelling, ethics. --- tribalist. --- universalism.
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