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communisme --- Nederland.

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Après soixante-dix ans de marxisme-léninisme, après des millions de morts, après l'implosion de l'URSS, que reste-t-il de l'Homo sovieticus ? Armée d'un magnétophone et d'un stylo, mue par l'attention et la fidélité, Svetlana Alexievitch a rencontré des survivants qui ont vécu la petite histoire d'une grande utopie et témoignent de la tragédie qu'a été l'Union sociétique. Ce magnifique requiem fait ainsi résonner des centaines de voix brisées : des humiliés et des offensés, des gens bien, d'autres moins bien, des mères déportées avec leurs enfants, des staliniens impénitents malgré le Goulag, des enthousiastes de la perestroïka ahuris devant le capitalisme triomphant et, aujourd'hui, des citoyens résistant à l'instauration de nouvelles dictatures... À la fin subsiste cette interrogation : pourquoi un tel malheur ? Le malheur russe ? Impossible en effet de se départir de l'impression que ce pays a été "l'enfer d'une autre planète".

Communisme --- Conditions sociales

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Today, by many accounts, China is the world's foremost purveyor of foreign aid and foreign investment to developing countries. This is the product of China's miracle economic growth over a period of more than three decades, together with China's drive to become a major player in world affairs and accomplish this through economic rather than military means. This three-volume work is the first comprehensive study of China's aid and investment strategy to trace how it has evolved since Beijing launched its foreign aid diplomacy at the time of the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949. Volume II provides an analysis of China's foreign aid and investment to countries and regional organizations on the Asian continent, covering all of its major sub-regions, during the period from 1950 to the present day. Copper considers motivating factors such as the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and China's desire to challenge the West and later the Soviet Union. Also important to China and driving its aid and investment was China's pursuit of Communist Bloc solidarity, a search for secure borders, and competition with India for influence in the Third World. Securing its imports of energy and raw materials and markets for is products came later. Marginalizing Taiwan and defeating it diplomatically constituted another goal of China's foreign aid and foreign investment analyzed here.

Science --- communisme --- wetenschap --- wetenschappen --- Asia

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This book introduces the background of China’s issue of nationality from the very beginning. Throughout the country’s history, all the nationalities that lived and prospered on Chinese land created a pattern of cultural diversity within national unity through their interaction and integration. The formation of this pattern is due not only to the geographical fact that China covers a broad expanse on the Asian continent but also to the historical fact that it is home to disparate and ancient human heritages, and to culturally diverse historical sources. The book’s five chapters explain the evolution of the CPC’s policy towards nationalities. At the time of the PRC’s founding, the Common Program (in essence an interim Constitution) passed by the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Congress (which was composed of people from all sectors of society and all of China’s nationalities) not only declared that people of all China’s nationalities had equal rights, but also stipulated that: regional national autonomy would be practiced in all areas where minority nationalities were concentrated; that all nationalities had the right to develop their native languages and culture and to maintain or reform their customs and religious beliefs; and also mandated that people’s governments support the development of minority nati onalities in the areas of politics, the economy, culture and education. In the final section, the book demonstrates that the subject of how the CPC addresses nationality-related issues is a dynamic one that encompasses the past, present and future, and is simultaneously an answer, a process and a question.

Social sciences (general) --- communisme --- sociale wetenschappen --- China

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Contre le "communisme" ayant réellement existé comme pratique de réduction en esclavage des travailleurs, l'ambition de ce livre est de restaurer l'essence originale du marxisme comme théorie de la libération. Inscrit dans le réel des mutations du capitalisme et de ses contradictions sociales, Marxisme et Liberté revient sur des moments fondateurs d'une pensée émancipatrice inachevée : 1. l'évolution de l'économie politique anglaise, les doctrines révolutionnaires françaises et la philosophie idéaliste allemande ; 2.les luttes de classes, à l'époque de la guerre de Sécession, de la Commune de Paris, de la Première Guerre mondiale et de la Révolution russe ; 3. le marxisme appliqué aux problèmes soulevés par le mouvement vers la dictature économique d'un côté et la liberté absolue de l'autre. Pour rédiger ce livre Raya Dunayevskaya a nourri sa réflexion de la confrontation avec plusieurs mouvements : celui des ouvriers américains se heurtant aux réalités du machinisme et qui, au-delà des revendications salariales, exigeaient de meilleures conditions de travail et un mode de vie tout à fait nouveau ; celui des ouvriers d'Allemagne de l'Est et de Hongrie qui défièrent le totalitarisme russe en 1953 et 1956 ; le mouvement des Noirs pour les droits civiques ; l'irruption de l'automatisation dans l'industrie.C'est bien des modalités d'une rupture révolutionnaire anti-autoritaire et émancipatrice dont discute ici l'auteure.

Marxisme --- Capitalisme. --- Communisme --- Révolutions --- Histoire. --- Communism --- Capitalism --- History.