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Suicide --- Death --- Violent deaths --- Social aspects --- Causes.

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This volume aims to explain the mechanisms for the “epidemic-like” rise in homicide rates São Paolo, Brazil during the late 20th century as well as their sharp decrease after 2000. The homicide rates increased 900 percent from 1960s-2000, and then dropped relatively quickly to 1970s levels over the next decade. While the author finds the Brazilian military government and rise of para-military police forces to be a major factor in the rise of homicide rates in Brazil, research on violent crime trends has demonstrated that it is generally due to the intersection of many factors (for example changes in policing, social or political structures, availability of weapons, economic influences) rather than a single cause. This work integrates individual, neighborhood, and structural dynamics at play in both the rise and drop in homicide rates, and provides a framework for understanding similar phenomena in other regions, particularly in the developing world.  This book will be of interest to researchers in criminology and criminal justice, as well as political science, and international relations, particularly with an interest in South America. The methodology includes both qualitative and quantitative analysis.

Social sciences. --- Political science. --- Criminology. --- Social Sciences. --- Criminology & Criminal Justice. --- Political Science. --- Crime --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Study and teaching --- Criminology and Criminal Justice, general. --- Social sciences --- State, The --- Criminals --- Homicide --- Femicide --- Offenses against the person --- Violent deaths

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Between the mid-seventeenth and mid-eighteenth centuries more than 15,000 Londoners suffered sudden violent deaths. While this figure includes around 3,000 who were murdered or committed suicide, the vast majority of fatalities resulted from accidents. In the early modern period, accidental and 'disorderly' deaths - from drowning, falls, stabbing, shooting, fires, explosions, suffocation, animals and vehicles, among other causes - were a regular feature of urban life and left a significant mark in the archival records of the period.
This book provides the first substantive critical study of the early modern accident, revealing and chronicling the lives - and deaths - of hundreds of otherwise unknown Londoners. Drawing on the weekly London Bills of Mortality, parish burial registers, newspapers and other related documents, it examines accidents and other forms of violent death in the city with a view to understanding who among its residents encountered such events, how the bureaucracy recorded and elaborated their circumstances and why they did so, and what practical responses might follow. Through a systematic review of the character of accidents, medical and social interventions, and changing attitudes toward the regulation of hazards across the metropolis, it establishes the historical significance of the accident and shows how, as the eighteenth century progressed, providential explanations gave way to a more rational viewpoint that saw certain accident events as threats to be managed rather than misfortunes to be explained. Additionally, the book explores how knowledge of such incidents was transformed to become a recurring cultural trope in oral, textual and visual narratives of metropolitan life, thereby opening a window to the way in which sudden death and violent injury was understood by early modern mentalities.

CRAIG SPENCE is Senior Lecturer in History at Bishop Grosseteste University.

Accidents. --- Accidents --- Common accidents --- Injuries --- Diseases --- First aid in illness and injury --- Violent deaths --- Disasters --- Emergencies --- Causes and theories of causation --- History. --- London (England) --- History --- Social conditions. --- Death --- Mortality --- Violence --- Causes --- British History. --- City life. --- Cultural History. --- Death. --- Dying. --- Early Modern England. --- Eighteenth Century. --- England. --- European History. --- Fatalities. --- History of Medicine. --- London. --- Print Culture. --- Seventeenth Century. --- Social History. --- Urban.

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"Japan's Household Registration System (koseki seido) is an extremely powerful state instrument, and is socially entrenched with a long history of population governance, social control and the maintenance of social order. It provides identity whilst at the same time imposing identity upon everyone registered, and in turn, the state receives validity and legitimacy from the registration of its inhabitants. The study of the procedures and mechanisms for identifying and documenting people provides an important window into understanding statecraft, and by examining the koseki system, this book provides a keen insight into social and political change in Japan. By looking through the lens of the koseki system, the book takes both an historical as well as a contemporary approach to understanding Japanese society. In doing so, it develops our understanding of contemporary Japan within the historical context of population management and social control; reveals the social effects and influence of the koseki system throughout its history; and presents new insights into citizenship, nationality and identity. Furthermore, this book develops our knowledge of state functions and indeed the nation state itself, through engaging critically with important issues relating to the koseki while at the same time providing a platform for further investigation. The contributors to this volume utilise a variety of disciplinary areas including history, gender studies, sociology, law and anthropology, and each chapter provides insights that bring us closer to a comprehensive grasp of the role, effects and historical background of what is a crucial and influential instrument of the Japanese state. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of Japanese history, Japanese culture and society, Japanese studies, Asian social policy and demography more generally."--

Recording and registration --- Citizenship --- Registers of births, etc. --- History --- Social science --- Social aspects --- Asia --- Japan. --- General. --- Ethnic Studies --- Japan --- Registers. --- Registers of births, etc --- Recording and registry acts --- Registration --- Vital records --- Genealogy --- Legal instruments --- Non-contentious jurisdiction --- Law and legislation --- al-Yābān --- Giappone --- Government of Japan --- Iapōnia --- I︠A︡ponii︠a︡ --- Japam --- Japani --- Japão --- Japon --- Japonia --- Japonsko --- Japonya --- Jih-pen --- Mư̄ang Yīpun --- Nihon --- Nihon-koku --- Nihonkoku --- Nippon --- Nippon-koku --- Nipponkoku --- Prathēt Yīpun --- Riben --- State of Japan --- Yābān --- Yapan --- Yīpun --- Zhāpān --- Япония --- اليابان --- يابان --- 日本 --- 日本国 --- Birth records --- Births, Registers of --- Burial statistics --- Death records --- Deaths, Registers of --- Records of births, etc. --- Registers of deaths --- Biographical sources --- Vital statistics --- J4742 --- J4127 --- J4170 --- Japan: Law and jurisprudence -- civil law -- family, koseki, inheritance and succession --- Japan: Sociology and anthropology -- social identity and self --- Japan: Sociology and anthropology -- family --- Jepun --- Yapon --- Yapon Ulus --- I︠A︡pon --- Япон --- I︠A︡pon Uls --- Япон Улс

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Crime scene investigation-or CSI-has captured the modern imagination. On television screens and in newspapers, we follow the exploits of forensic officers wearing protective suits and working behind police tape to identify and secure physical evidence for laboratory analysis. But where did this ensemble of investigative specialists and scientific techniques come from?

In Murder and the Making of English CSI, Ian Burney and Neil Pemberton tell the engrossing history of how, in the first half of the twentieth century, novel routines, regulations, and techniques-from chain-of-cu

Mass Media --- Homicide --- History, 20th Century --- Forensic Pathology --- Forensic Sciences --- Criminalistics --- Forensic science --- Science --- Criminal investigation --- Pathology, Forensic --- Medical jurisprudence --- Pathology --- Coroners --- Medical examiners (Law) --- Femicide --- Offenses against the person --- Violent deaths --- Mass communication --- Media, Mass --- Media, The --- Communication --- history --- methods --- Forensic sciences --- Crime scene searches --- Murder --- 20th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 20th Cent. History of Medicine --- 20th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 20th Century --- History of Medicine, 20th Cent. --- History, Twentieth Century --- Medical History, 20th Cent. --- Medicine, 20th Cent. --- 20th Century History --- 20th Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 20th Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 20th (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 20th (Medicine) --- Century Histories, 20th --- Century Histories, Twentieth --- Century History, 20th --- Century History, Twentieth --- Histories, 20th Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 20th Century --- Histories, Twentieth Century --- History, 20th Cent. (Medicine) --- Twentieth Century Histories --- Twentieth Century History --- Criminal homicide --- Killing (Murder) --- Crime scene investigations --- Searches of crime scenes --- History --- Investigation --- England. --- Crime scene searches.