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Why do nations break into one another's most important computer networks? There is an obvious answer: to steal valuable information or to attack. But this isn't the full story. This text draws on often-overlooked documents leaked by Edward Snowden, real-world case studies of cyber operations, and policymaker perspectives to show that intruding into other countries' networks has enormous defensive value as well.

Cyber intelligence (Computer security) --- Cyberterrorism --- National security --- Internet --- Prevention. --- Technological innovations. --- Security measures. --- National security policy --- NSP (National security policy) --- Security policy, National --- Economic policy --- International relations --- Military policy --- Attacks on computers --- Computer attacks --- Cyber attacks --- Cyber terrorism --- Cyber war --- Cyberwarfare --- Electronic terrorism (Cyberterrorism) --- Computer crimes --- Terrorism --- Cyber spying --- Cyberintelligence (Computer security) --- Cyberspying --- Intelligence, Cyber (Computer security) --- Computer security --- Government policy --- computer crime --- innovation --- artificial intelligence --- computer piracy --- fight against crime --- innovaatio --- innovazione --- novinka --- inovație --- innovazzjoni --- иновация --- innovatsioon --- innowacja --- jaunievedums --- innovación --- vernieuwing --- καινοτομία --- inovácia --- inovação --- иновација --- nuálaíocht --- Innovation --- innováció --- risi --- inovacija --- τεχνολογική καινοτομία --- teknologisk fornyelse --- industrielle Innovation --- technologische Innovation --- technológiai innováció --- inovação tecnológica --- innovación industrial --- innovación tecnológica --- risi industriale --- naujovė --- βιομηχανική καινοτομία --- technologische vernieuwing --- industrijska inovacija --- innovazione industriale --- tehnoloogiline innovatsioon --- priemyselná inovácia --- technologijos naujovė --- technologická inovácia --- innovation technologique --- teollinen innovaatio --- tehnoloģisks jauninājums --- fornyelse --- risi teknologjike --- inovație industrială --- teknisk innovation --- innovation industrielle --- teknologinen innovaatio --- teknologisk innovation --- industriell innovation --- technological innovation --- pramoninė naujovė --- industrial innovation --- технолошка иновација --- innovazione tecnologica --- průmyslová novinka --- tööstusinnovatsioon --- technická novinka --- tehnološka inovacija --- industriel innovation --- ipari innováció --- inovação industrial --- rūpniecisks jauninājums --- innovazione scientifica --- inovație tehnologică --- lupta împotriva criminalității --- bűnüldözés --- walka z przestępczością --- borba protiv kriminala --- misdaadbestrijding --- lotta contro la criminalità --- ġlieda kontra l-kriminalità --- boj proti zločinu --- rikollisuuden torjunta --- lufta kundër krimit --- bekämpning av grov brottslighet --- cīņa pret noziedzību --- καταπολέμηση του εγκλήματος --- Verbrechensbekämpfung --- kuritegevusevastane võitlus --- bekæmpelse af grov kriminalitet --- lucha contra el crimen --- boj proti kriminalu --- combate ao crime --- борба против криминал --- борба против криминала --- kova su nusikalstamumu --- борба срещу престъпността --- lutte contre le crime --- rikosten ehkäisy --- kriminaalpreventsioon --- prevencia pred zločinom --- crime prevention --- lutte contre la criminalité --- noziegumu novēršana --- спречување криминал --- prevenirea infracțiunilor --- lotta anticrimine --- apsauga nuo nusikaltimų --- nusikaltimų prevencija --- kamp mot kriminalitet --- boj proti kriminalitě --- sprečavanje kriminala --- bűnmegelőzés --- parandalim i krimit --- počítačové pirátstvo --- computerpiraterij --- pirateria informatica --- piratage informatique --- компјутерска пиратерија --- píoráideacht bogearraí --- компютърно пиратство --- računalniško piratstvo --- računalno piratstvo --- edb-piratvirksomhed --- piratverksamhet inom dataindustrin --- pirataria informática --- datorpirātisms --- atk-piratismi --- pirateri kompjuterike --- számítógépes kalózkodás --- počítačové pirátství --- piractwo komputerowe --- piraterie informatică --- πειρατεία πληροφορικής --- arvutipiraatlus --- информатичка пиратерија --- Computer-Piraterie --- kompiuterinis piratavimas --- piraterija informatika --- piratería informática --- illegális szoftvermásolás --- nelegāla programmatūras lietošana --- utilizare ilegală de software --- programmatūras pirātisms --- computerkraak --- szoftverkalózkodás --- hekkelés --- keqpërdorim softueri --- danneggiamento di archivi elettronici riservati --- hacker --- missbruk av programvara --- manipulación fraudulenta de datos informáticos --- Entwendung von Computerprogrammen --- intrusión informática --- proeza informática --- netinkamas programinės įrangos naudojimas --- hekkertevékenység --- software piracy --- počítačová piratela --- komputerové pirátství --- pirataria de software --- πειρατεία προγραμμάτων Η/Υ --- softwarové pirátství --- hekanje --- hakiranje --- piratprogram --- piraterija ta' softwer --- softvérové pirátstvo --- vdiranje v tuje računalniške sisteme --- software misuse --- hakkerointi --- фалсификување компјутерски софтвер --- zneužitie softvéru --- häkkimine --- hakowanie --- незаконско користење софтвер --- ohjelmiston luvaton käyttö --- įsilaužimas į kompiuterines programas ar tinklus --- forcering --- tietomurto --- tarkvarapiraatlus --- détournement de logiciel --- olaglig kopiering av programvara --- софтверска пиратерија --- ohjelmistopiratismi --- copia ilegal de software --- feltörés --- ohjelmapiratismi --- počítačový pirát --- copie illicite de logiciel --- hacking --- piratage de logiciels --- uzlaušana --- piratkopiering af software --- Software-Piraterie --- δικτυοπαραβίαση --- piraterij van programmatuur --- Computerhacking --- хакерство --- piraattarkvara --- пиратство на софтуер --- pirataj informatic --- neatļauta programmatūras lietošana --- nelegálně užívaný software --- piratstvo programske opreme --- softwarepiraterij --- programinės įrangos piratavimas --- intrusion informatique --- inteligência artificial --- kunstmatige intelligentie --- mesterséges intelligencia --- inteligencia artificial --- tekoäly --- sztuczna inteligencja --- вештачка интелигенција --- umetna inteligenca --- mākslīgais intelekts --- umělá inteligence --- künstliche Intelligenz --- inteligență artificială --- tehisintellekt --- изкуствен интелект --- artificiell intelligens --- intelligence artificielle --- intleacht shaorga --- intelligenza artificiale --- intelliġenza artifiċjali --- umelá inteligencia --- dirbtinis intelektas --- τεχνητή νοημοσύνη --- umjetna inteligencija --- inteligjencë artificiale --- kunstig intelligens --- calcolatore di quinta generazione --- συστήματα λήψης αποφάσεων --- sistema inteligente --- ayuda a la decisión --- sistem expert --- ajuda à decisão --- ekspertinė sistema --- expert system --- szakértői rendszer --- συστήματα εμπειρογνώμονες --- expertsystem --- strumento di aiuto alla decisione --- wissensbasierendes System --- IA --- Expertensystem --- KI --- konstgjord intelligens --- expertný systém --- sistem ekspert --- asiantuntijajärjestelmä --- sistema experto --- systeemexpert --- ekspertsistēma --- ekspertsüsteem --- système expert --- sistema esperto --- Entscheidungshilfe --- aide à la décision --- sistema di supporto alle decisioni --- τεχνητή ευφυΐα --- expertní systém --- számítógépes bűnözés --- arvutikuritegu --- Computerkriminalität --- рачунарски криминал --- računalni kriminal --- компютърно престъпление --- coirpeacht ríomhaire --- criminalité informatique --- εγκληματικότητα στον τομέα της πληροφορικής --- przestępstwo komputerowe --- datakriminalitet --- criminalità informatica --- computercriminaliteit --- ċiberkriminalità --- počítačová kriminalita --- kompiuterinis nusikaltimas --- criminalidade informática --- компјутерски криминал --- databrottslighet --- datornoziegums --- criminalidad informática --- criminalitate informatică --- računalniška kriminaliteta --- krim kompjuterik --- tietokonerikos --- computerfraude --- Computerdelikt --- kibernetski kriminal --- criminalité numérique --- kibernoziegumi --- cibercriminalidade --- databedrägeri --- internetvandalisme --- cybercrime --- databrott --- kriminalità diġitali --- internetes bűnözés --- kibernoziegums --- cibearchoireacht --- ηλεκτρονικός βανδαλισμός --- cibercriminalitate --- crime informatique --- Internetkriminalität --- Interneti-kuritegu --- delito cibernético --- vandalizëm kibernetik --- tietokonerike --- kibernetska kriminaliteta --- компјутерски фалсификат --- komputerová kriminalita --- cibercriminalità --- počítačový delikt --- küberkuritegu --- cibervandalismo --- krim i lidhur me kompjuterin --- Interneti-kuritegevus --- kibernetinis nusikaltimas --- ciberdelito --- cyberbrottslighet --- cyberbrott --- infracțiuni informatice --- computerkriminalitet --- компјутерска измама --- cyberkriminalitet --- tietoverkkorikos --- edb-kriminalitet --- fraude informatique --- kibernoziedzība --- cibercrime --- digital kriminalitet --- cybercriminalité --- киберпрестъпност --- cybercriminaliteit --- dataforbrydelse --- informaticadelict --- počítačový trestný čin --- Internet-Vandalismus --- Cyberkriminalität --- διαδικτυακό έγκλημα --- αδίκημα πληροφορικής --- kompjutorski kriminal --- cyberdelict --- frode informatica --- κυβερνοέγκλημα --- computer offence --- krim kibernetik --- internetkriminalitet --- αξιόποινες χρήσεις της πληροφορικής --- tietotekniikkarikollisuus --- délit informatique --- elektroniniai nusikaltimai --- datavandalism --- digitale criminaliteit --- verkkovandalismi --- cyber-vandalism --- kyberkriminalita --- tietoverkkorikollisuus --- küberkuritegevus --- delito informático --- cibercriminalidad --- kiberbűnözés --- IT-brottslighet --- Internet-Kriminalität --- verkkorikollisuus --- reato informatico --- ψηφιακό έγκλημα --- digital crime --- kibernetinis vandalizmas --- datornoziedzība --- cyberprzestępczość --- crimine informatico --- kibernetički vandalizam --- cyberprzestępstwo --- počítačová trestná činnost --- computer-related crime --- kibervandālisms --- cybervandalisme --- cyber-criminalitate --- delict informatic --- arvutikuritegevus --- számítógépes bűncselekmények --- εγκληματικότητα στον κυβερνοχώρο --- tietotekniikkarikos --- kibernetički kriminal --- vepër penale kompjuterike --- ar datoriem saistīta noziedzība --- verkkorikos --- IT-brott --- Интернет --- internet --- internetas --- idirlíon --- internets --- интернет --- webb --- an tIdirlíon --- tīmeklis --- veeb --- faqe web --- světová počítačová síť --- svjetska računalna mreža --- web --- međumrežje --- www --- világháló --- comhrac i gcoinne na coireachta --- píoráideacht ríomhaire --- coireacht ríomhaire --- Idirlíon