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Russia --- History

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Science --- Russia

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Modern Russian identity and historical experience has been largely shaped by Russia's imperial past: an empire that was founded in the early modern era and endures in large part today. The Russian Empire 1450-1801 surveys how the areas that made up the empire were conquered and how they were governed. It considers the Russian empire a 'Eurasian empire', characterized by a 'politics of difference': the rulers and their elites at the center defined the state's needs minimally - with control over defense, criminal law, taxation, and mobilization of resources - and otherwise tolerated local religions, languages, cultures, elites, and institutions. The center related to communities and religions vertically, according each a modicum of rights and autonomies, but didn't allow horizontal connections across nobilities, townsmen, or other groups potentially with common interests to coalesce. Thus, the Russian empire was multi-ethnic and multi-religious; Nancy Kollmann gives detailed attention to the major ethnic and religious groups, and surveys the government's strategies of governance - centralized bureaucracy, military reform, and a changed judicial system.

Russia --- History. --- History --- Russia - History

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Special forces (Military science) --- Russia (Federation) --- Russia (Federation) --- Russia (Federation)

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Post-communist Russia is an instance of the phenomenon of authoritarian modernization project, which is perceived as a set of policies intended to achieve a high level of economic development, while political freedoms remain beyond the current modernization agenda or are postponed to a distant future. Why did Russia (unlike many countries of post-communist Europe) pursue authoritarian modernization after the Soviet collapse ? What is the ideational agenda behind this project and why does it dominate Russia's post-communist political landscape ? What are the mechanisms of political governance, which maintain this project and how have they adopted and absorbed various democratic institutions and practices ? Why has this project brought such diverse results in various policy arenas, and why have the consequences of certain policies become so controversial ? Why, despite so many controversies, shortcomings and flaws, has this project remained attractive in the eyes of a large proportion of the Russian elite and ordinary citizens ? This volume intends to place some of these questions on the research agenda and propose several answers, encouraging further discussion about the logic and mechanisms of the authoritarian modernization project in post-communist Russia and its effects on Russia's politics, economy, and society.

AUTHORITARIANISM--RUSSIA (FEDERATION) --- POST-COMMUNISM--RUSSIA (FEDERATION)