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Biotechnology. --- Bioengineering. --- Animal biotechnology --- Health aspects. --- Animals --- Domestic animals --- Livestock --- Livestock biotechnology --- Agricultural biotechnology --- Biological engineering --- Life science engineering --- Biology --- Engineering --- Synthetic biology --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Biotechnology

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This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. The book examines the methodological challenges in analyzing the effectiveness of development policies. It presents a selection of tools and methodologies that can help tackle the complexities of which policies work best and why, and how they can be implemented effectively given the political and economic framework conditions of a country. The contributions in this book offer a continuation of the ongoing evidence-based debate on the role of agriculture and participatory policy processes in reducing poverty. They develop and apply quantitative political economy approaches by integrating quantitative models of political decision-making into existing economic modeling tools, allowing a more comprehensive growth-poverty analysis. The book addresses not only scholars who use quantitative policy modeling and evaluation techniques in their empirical or theoretical research, but also technical experts, including policy makers and analysts from stakeholder organizations, involved in formulating and implementing policies to reduce poverty and to increase economic and social well-being in African countries.

Plant Sciences --- Agriculture - General --- Agriculture --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Life sciences. --- Genetic engineering. --- Agriculture. --- Plant physiology. --- Plant breeding. --- Life Sciences. --- Plant Breeding/Biotechnology. --- Genetic Engineering. --- Plant Physiology. --- Crops --- Breeding --- Botany --- Plants --- Physiology --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Designed genetic change --- Engineering, Genetic --- Gene splicing --- Genetic intervention --- Genetic surgery --- Genetic recombination --- Biotechnology --- Transgenic organisms --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Plant biotechnology. --- Biotechnology. --- Plant Biotechnology. --- Chemical Bioengineering. --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Crop biotechnology --- Agricultural biotechnology --- Development economics. --- Economic policy. --- Africa—Economic conditions. --- Poverty. --- Agricultural economics. --- Development Economics. --- Development Policy. --- African Economics. --- Development Aid. --- Agricultural Economics. --- economics --- Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) --- poverty --- quantitative policy evaluation

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This book is a review of the recent literature on the key scientific and technical subjects of fertilization management in vegetable crops. In the last decades, research on fertilization management in vegetables was aimed at producing economical yields with reduced fertilizer inputs by the development and implementation of cropping systems, nutrient management approaches and crop varieties. Examples of the interventions in cropping systems included adequate crop rotations, inter-cropping, double cropping, and other strategies for a better soil organic matter management; nutrient management approaches included modelling, Decision Support Systems, crop nutritional status testing and precision agriculture technologies; amelioration of crop varieties has been directed toward higher nutrient/fertilizer use efficiency. .

Vegetables --- Fertilizers. --- Life sciences. --- Agriculture. --- Plant physiology. --- Plant breeding. --- Sustainable development. --- Life Sciences. --- Plant Physiology. --- Plant Breeding/Biotechnology. --- Sustainable Development. --- Food crops --- Horticultural crops --- Horticultural products --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Crops --- Agriculture --- Breeding --- Botany --- Plants --- Physiology --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable development --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- Environmental aspects --- Plant biotechnology. --- Sustainability. --- Plant Biotechnology. --- Sustainability science --- Human ecology --- Social ecology --- Crop biotechnology --- Agricultural biotechnology --- Biotechnology

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The Kingdom fungi encompass a massive diversity of taxa with wide-ranging ecologies, life cycles, and morphologies ranging from unicellular aquatic chytrids to large mushrooms. Before molecular methods came in existence, taxonomists considered this Kingdom to be a member of the plant kingdom due to certain life styles like immobility and growth habitats. Molecular markers (also known as DNA markers), facilitated a better alternative method over traditional morphological methods, employed for the identification, characterization, and to understand the evolution of fungi. The morphological methods used for identification are mainly dependent on spore color or microscopic features whereas molecular markers are based on DNA polymorphism in the genomic organization. Phylogenetic studies reported in last decade, based on molecular markers, have reshaped the classification system of Kingdom fungi, which divided into one subkingdom, seven phyla, and ten subphyla. Recent advances in molecular mycology have opened the way for researchers to identify and characterize novel fungal species from unique environments. Mycology is concerned with the systematic study of fungi, including their genetic and biochemical properties, their use to humans as a source of medicine and food, as well as their dangers, such as poisoning and infections. In the 21st century with the development of DNA sequencing technologies and phylogenetic analysis based on molecular markers, new insights into fungal taxonomy were provided. This book contains a thorough discussion of molecular characterization and detection of different groups of fungi by using PCR-based markers and provides a comprehensive view of the applications and uses of different molecular markers in molecular mycology. It also addresses the recent molecular markers employed to solve the problems of identification and discusses current approaches used in molecular characterization and detection of fungi.

Life sciences. --- Systems biology. --- Developmental biology. --- Plant pathology. --- Plant breeding. --- Mycology. --- Biology --- Life Sciences. --- Developmental Biology. --- Plant Pathology. --- Systems Biology. --- Biological Techniques. --- Plant Breeding/Biotechnology. --- Technique. --- Botany --- Fungi --- Microbiology --- Entomology. --- Plant diseases. --- Biological models. --- Cytology --- Research --- Methodology. --- Models, Biological --- Communicable diseases in plants --- Crop diseases --- Crops --- Diseases of plants --- Microbial diseases in plants --- Pathological botany --- Pathology, Vegetable --- Phytopathology --- Plant pathology --- Plants --- Vegetable pathology --- Agricultural pests --- Crop losses --- Diseased plants --- Phytopathogenic microorganisms --- Plant pathologists --- Plant quarantine --- Development (Biology) --- Growth --- Ontogeny --- Insects --- Zoology --- Agriculture --- Breeding --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Pathology --- Diseases and pests --- Diseases --- Wounds and injuries --- Biology—Technique. --- Computational biology --- Bioinformatics --- Biological systems --- Molecular biology --- Fungal biology --- Fungology --- Fungus biology --- Fungi. --- Microbiology. --- Bioinformatics. --- Plant biotechnology. --- Developmental Biology and Stem Cells. --- Computational and Systems Biology. --- Plant Biotechnology. --- Crop biotechnology --- Agricultural biotechnology --- Bio-informatics --- Biological informatics --- Information science --- Systems biology --- Microbial biology --- Microorganisms --- Fungal kingdom --- Fungus kingdom --- Funguses --- Mycobiota --- Mycota --- Cryptogams --- Mycology --- Biotechnology --- Data processing

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Marking the change in focus of tree genomics from single species to comparative approaches, this book covers biological, genomic, and evolutionary aspects of angiosperm trees that provide information and perspectives to support researchers broadening the focus of their research. The diversity of angiosperm trees in morphology, anatomy, physiology and biochemistry has been described and cataloged by various scientific disciplines, but the molecular, genetic, and evolutionary mechanisms underlying this diversity have only recently been explored. Excitingly, advances in genomic and sequencing technologies are ushering a new era of research broadly termed comparative genomics, which simultaneously exploits and describes the evolutionary origins and genetic regulation of traits of interest. Within tree genomics, this research is already underway, as the number of complete genome sequences available for angiosperm trees is increasing at an impressive pace and the number of species for which RNAseq data are available is rapidly expanding. Because they are extensively covered by other literature and are rapidly changing, technical and computational approaches—such as the latest sequencing technologies—are not a main focus of this book. Instead, this comprehensive volume provides a valuable, broader view of tree genomics whose relevance will outlive the particulars of current-day technical approaches. The first section of the book discusses background on the evolution and diversification of angiosperm trees, as well as offers description of the salient features and diversity of the unique physiology and wood anatomy of angiosperm trees. The second section explores the two most advanced model angiosperm tree species (poplars and eucalypts) as well as species that are soon to emerge as new models. The third section describes the structural features and evolutionary histories of angiosperm tree genomes, followed by a fourth section focusing on the genomics of traits of biological, ecological, and economic interest. In summary, this book is a timely and well-referenced foundational resource for the forest tree community looking to embrace comparative approaches for the study of angiosperm trees.

Life sciences. --- Trees. --- Plant anatomy. --- Plant development. --- Plant physiology. --- Plant breeding. --- Life Sciences. --- Plant Genetics and Genomics. --- Tree Biology. --- Plant Physiology. --- Plant Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography. --- Plant Anatomy/Development. --- Plant Breeding/Biotechnology. --- Crops --- Agriculture --- Breeding --- Botany --- Plants --- Physiology --- Development of plants --- Plant development --- Developmental biology --- Growth (Plants) --- Plant structure --- Structural botany --- Vegetable anatomy --- Anatomy --- Dendrology --- Nursery stock --- Woody plants --- Arboriculture --- Forests and forestry --- Timber --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Ontogeny --- Structure --- Genomics. --- Trees --- Genetics. --- Genome research --- Genomes --- Molecular genetics --- Research --- Plant genetics. --- Genetics --- Plant systematics. --- Plant taxonomy. --- Botanical classification --- Botanical systematics --- Botanical taxonomy --- Classification --- Plant biosystematics --- Plant classification --- Plant systematics --- Plant taxonomy --- Systematic botany --- Systematics (Botany) --- Taxonomy, Plant --- Plant taxonomists --- Forestry. --- Plant biotechnology. --- Plant Genetics. --- Plant Evolution. --- Plant Development. --- Plant Biotechnology. --- Evolution. --- Development. --- Forest land --- Forest lands --- Forest planting --- Forest production --- Forest sciences --- Forestation --- Forested lands --- Forestland --- Forestlands --- Forestry --- Forestry industry --- Forestry sciences --- Land, Forest --- Lands, Forest --- Silviculture --- Sylviculture --- Woodlands --- Woods (Forests) --- Natural resources --- Afforestation --- Logging --- Tree crops --- Crop biotechnology --- Agricultural biotechnology --- Plant evolution --- Evolution (Biology) --- Biotechnology --- Phylogeny