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2017 (2)

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Book
Decoding Neural Circuit Structure and Function : Cellular Dissection Using Genetic Model Organisms
Authors: ---
ISBN: 3319573632 3319573624 Year: 2017 Publisher: Cham : Springer International Publishing : Imprint: Springer,

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Abstract

This book offers representative examples from fly and mouse models to illustrate the ongoing success of the synergistic, state-of-the-art strategy, focusing on the ways it enhances our understanding of sensory processing. The authors focus on sensory systems (vision, olfaction), which are particularly powerful models for probing the development, connectivity, and function of neural circuits, to answer this question: How do individual nerve cells functionally cooperate to guide behavioral responses? Two genetically tractable species, mice and flies, together significantly further our understanding of these processes. Current efforts focus on integrating knowledge gained from three interrelated fields of research: (1) understanding how the fates of different cell types are specified during development, (2) revealing the synaptic connections between identified cell types (“connectomics”) using high-resolution three-dimensional circuit anatomy, and (3) causal testing of how iden tified circuit elements contribute to visual perception and behavior.


Book
Reconstruction, Identification and Implementation Methods for Spiking Neural Circuits
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ISBN: 3319570811 3319570803 Year: 2017 Publisher: Cham : Springer International Publishing : Imprint: Springer,

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This work is motivated by the ongoing open question of how information in the outside world is represented and processed by the brain. Consequently, several novel methods are developed. A new mathematical formulation is proposed for the encoding and decoding of analog signals using integrate-and-fire neuron models. Based on this formulation, a novel algorithm, significantly faster than the state-of-the-art method, is proposed for reconstructing the input of the neuron. Two new identification methods are proposed for neural circuits comprising a filter in series with a spiking neuron model. These methods reduce the number of assumptions made by the state-of-the-art identification framework, allowing for a wider range of models of sensory processing circuits to be inferred directly from input-output observations. A third contribution is an algorithm that computes the spike time sequence generated by an integrate-and-fire neuron model in response to the output of a linear filter, given the input of the filter encoded with the same neuron model.

Keywords

Neural circuitry. --- Circuitry, Neural --- Circuits, Neural --- Nerve net --- Nerve network --- Neural circuits --- Neurocircuitry --- Neuronal circuitry --- Engineering. --- Neurosciences. --- System theory. --- Neural networks (Computer science). --- Electronic circuits. --- Signal, Image and Speech Processing. --- Mathematical Models of Cognitive Processes and Neural Networks. --- Systems Theory, Control. --- Circuits and Systems. --- Electrophysiology --- Nervous system --- Neural networks (Neurobiology) --- Reflexes --- Systems theory. --- Systems engineering. --- Engineering systems --- System engineering --- Engineering --- Industrial engineering --- System analysis --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Design and construction --- Signal processing. --- Image processing. --- Speech processing systems. --- Neural networks (Computer science) . --- Electron-tube circuits --- Electric circuits --- Electron tubes --- Electronics --- Systems, Theory of --- Systems science --- Science --- Artificial neural networks --- Nets, Neural (Computer science) --- Networks, Neural (Computer science) --- Neural nets (Computer science) --- Artificial intelligence --- Natural computation --- Soft computing --- Computational linguistics --- Electronic systems --- Information theory --- Modulation theory --- Oral communication --- Speech --- Telecommunication --- Singing voice synthesizers --- Pictorial data processing --- Picture processing --- Processing, Image --- Imaging systems --- Optical data processing --- Processing, Signal --- Information measurement --- Signal theory (Telecommunication) --- Philosophy

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