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This monograph is a translation of two seminal works on corpus-based studies of Mandarin Chinese words and parts of speech. The original books were published as two pioneering technical reports by Chinese Knowledge and Information Processing group (CKIP) at Academia Sinica in 1993 and 1996, respectively. Since then, the standard and PoS tagset proposed in the CKIP report have become the de facto standard in Chinese corpora and computational linguistics, in particular in the context of traditional Chinese texts. This new translation represents and develops the principles and theories originating from these pioneering works. The results can be applied to numerous fields; Chinese syntax and semantics, lexicography, machine translation and other language engineering bound applications.

Mandarin dialects.

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This book presents an in-depth linguistic description of Papuan Malay, a non-standard variety of Malay. The language is spoken in coastal West Papua which covers the western part of the island of New Guinea. The study is based on sixteen hours of recordings of spontaneous narratives and conversations between Papuan Malay speakers, recorded in the Sarmi area on the northeast coast of West Papua. Papuan Malay is the language of wider communication and the first or second language for an ever-increasing number of people of the area. While Papuan Malay is not officially recognized and therefore not used in formal government or educational settings or for religious preaching, it is used in all other domains, including unofficial use in formal settings, and, to some extent, in the public media. After a general introduction to the language, its setting, and history, this grammar discusses the following topics, building up from smaller grammatical constituents to larger ones: phonology, word formation, noun and prepositional phrases, verbal and nonverbal clauses, non-declarative clauses, and conjunctions and constituent combining. Of special interest to linguists, typologists, and Malay specialists are the following in-depth analyses and descriptions: affixation and its productivity across domains of language choice, reduplication and its gesamtbedeutung, personal pronouns and their adnominal uses, demonstratives and locatives and their extended uses, and adnominal possessive relations and their non- canonical uses. This study provides a starting point for Papuan Malay language development efforts and a point of comparison for further studies on other Malay varieties.

Malay language --- Malay language --- Dialects --- Grammar. --- Dialects

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Chinese language --- Chinese language --- Southern Min dialects --- Southern Min dialects. --- Dialects --- Dialects. --- Taiwan.

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This book presents a synchronic grammar of the southern dialects of Yauyos, an extremely endangered Quechuan language spoken in the Peruvian Andes. As the language is highly synthetic, the grammar focuses principally on morphology; a longer section is dedicated to the language's unusual evidential system. The grammar's 1400 examples are drawn from a 24-hour corpus of transcribed recordings collected in the course of the documentation of the language.

Quechua language --- Dialects. --- Grammar.

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The study centres on the lexical investigation of the 'alto-vicentino' dialect, that is traditionally subsumed under the language group of the 'veneto centro meridionale' which comprises the 'vicentino-padovano-polesano'. In actual fact, the 'alto-vicentino' must be considered as a linguistic variety belonging not only to this group, but sharing numerous features with the language group of the 'veneto-settentrionale'. In addition, the area is pre-alpine, and was from 1100 onwards partially colonised by Bavarian tribes, who were mistakenly called 'Cimbri'. Linguistic remains resulting from these settlements can still be traced in various regions of the 'alto-vicentino' and of the 'Lessinia veronese'.

Italian language --- Dialects