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In a 2001 poll, Turks ranked the United States highest when asked: "Which country is Turkey's best friend in international relations?" When the pollsters reversed the question-"Which country is Turkey's number one enemy in international relations?"-the United States came in second. How did Turkey's citizens come to hold such opposing views simultaneously? In The Limits of Westernization, Perin E. Gürel explains this unique split and its echoes in contemporary U.S.-Turkey relations. Using Turkish and English sources, Gürel maps the reaction of Turks to the rise of the United States as a world-ordering power in the twentieth century. As Turkey transitioned from an empire to a nation-state, the country's ruling elite projected "westernization" as a necessary and desirable force but also feared its cultural damage. Turkish stock figures and figures of speech represented America both as a good model for selective westernization and as a dangerous source of degeneration. At the same time, U.S. policy makers imagined Turkey from within their own civilization templates, first as the main figure of Oriental barbarism (i.e., "the terrible Turk"), then, during the Cold War, as good pupils of modernization theory. As the Cold War transitioned to the War on Terror, Turks rebelled against the new U.S.-made trope of the "moderate Muslim." Local artifacts of westernization-folk culture crossed with American cultural exports-and alternate projections of modernity became tinder for both Turkish anti-Americanism and resistance to state-led modernization projects. The Limits of Westernization analyzes the complex local uses of "the West" to explain how the United States could become both the best and the worst in the Turkish political imagination. Gürel traces how ideas about westernization and America have influenced national history writing and policy making, as well as everyday affects and identities. Foregrounding shifting tropes about and from Turkey-a regional power that continues to dominate American visions for the "modernization" of the Middle East-Gürel also illuminates the transnational development of powerful political tropes, from "the Terrible Turk" to "the Islamic Terrorist."

Turkey --- Foreign relations --- Orientalism --- HISTORY / World. --- East and West

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Foucault lived for two years in Tunisia and travelled to Japan and Iran more than once. Yet throughout his critical scholarship, he insisted that the cultures of the Orient and the Occident constitute the "limit" of Western rationality. Using interviews with scholars familiar with him from Tunisia and Japan, the book examines the manner in which Foucault experienced and explained his encounters with non-Western cultures.

East and West. --- East and West. --- Orientbild. --- Philosophical anthropology. --- Philosophical anthropology. --- Philosophische Anthropologie. --- Foucault, Michel, --- Foucault, Michel, --- Foucault, Michel, --- Japan. --- Tunisie.

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East and West. --- Solzhenit͡syn, Aleksandr Isaevich, --- Political and social views.

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"'China, ' Napoleon once remarked, 'is a sleeping lion. Let her sleep, for when she wakes she will shake the world.' In 2014, President Xi Jinping declared the lion had awakened. Under his leadership, China is pursuing a dream to restore its historical position as the dominant power in Asia. From the Mekong River Basin to the Central Asian Steppe, China is flexing its economic muscles for strategic ends. By setting up new regional financial institutions, Beijing is challenging the post-World War II order established under the watchful eye of Washington. And by funding and building roads, railways, ports and power lines--a New Silk Road across Eurasia and through the South China Sea and Indian Ocean--China aims to draw its neighbours ever tighter into its embrace. Combining a geopoliticial overview with on-the-ground reportage from a dozen countries, China's Asian Dream offers a fresh perspective on the rise of China and what it means for the future of Asia"--Back cover.

Trade routes --- East and West. --- International economic relations. --- China --- China --- Silk Road --- Commerce --- Commerce --- History --- History.

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East and West. --- Orientalism. --- Civilization, Western --- Civilization, Oriental --- Occident and Orient --- Orient and Occident --- West and East --- Eastern question --- East and West --- Asian influences --- Oriental influences --- Western influences --- Said, Edward W. --- Middle East --- Asia --- Study and teaching.