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Materials science --- Federal aid to research

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We estimate effects of the largest U.S. federal grant for college students using administrative data from Texas four-year public colleges and a discontinuity in grant generosity. Eligibility for additional grant aid significantly increases degree receipt and earnings beginning four years after entry. Estimated increases in income tax payments fully recoup government expenditures within ten years. A theoretical model shows that welfare effects of changes in college prices depend on (1) externalities from recipients' behavioral responses and (2) facilitation of intertemporal consumption smoothing. Calibration suggests that increasing grant aid for low-income college students would enhance welfare in many U.S. settings.

Student aid. --- Federal aid to higher education.

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Federal aid to research --- Federal aid to small business --- Expenditures, Public. --- Federal aid to research. --- Federal aid to small business. --- United States. --- Small Business Technology Transfer Program (U.S.) --- Appropriations and expenditures.

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Federal aid to terrorism prevention --- Intergovernmental cooperation --- Terrorism --- Prevention.

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Housing, Rural --- Federal aid to housing --- Finance. --- United States.