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Although it remains an official language, Israel has made continued attempts to marginalize Arabic on the one hand and securitize it on the other. Camelia Suleiman delves into these tensions and contradictions, exploring how language policy and language choice both reflect and challenge political identities of Arabs and Israelis.

Language policy --- Arabic language --- Semitic languages --- Glottopolitics --- Institutional linguistics --- Language and languages --- Language and state --- Languages, National --- Languages, Official --- National languages --- Official languages --- State and language --- Communication policy --- Language planning --- Political aspects. --- Government policy

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This book responds to recent criticisms that the research and theorization of multilingualism on the part of applied linguists are in collusion with neoliberal policies and economic interests. While acknowledging that neoliberal agencies can appropriate diverse languages and language practices, including resources and dispositions theorized by scholars of multilingualism, it argues that a distinction must be made between the different language ideologies informing communicative practices. Those of neoliberal agencies are motivated by distinct ideological orientations that diverge from the theorization of multilingual practices by critical applied linguists. In addressing this issue, the book draws on the author’s empirical research on skilled migration to demonstrate how sub-Saharan African professionals in English-dominant workplaces in the UK, USA, Australia, and South Africa resist the neoliberal communicative expectations and employ alternate practices informed by critical dispositions. These practices have the potential to transform neoliberal orientations on material development. The book labels the latter as informed by a postcolonial language ideology, to distinguish them from those of neoliberalism. While neoliberal agencies approach languages as being instrumental for profit-making purposes, the author’s informants focus on the synergy between languages to generate new meanings and norms, which are strategically negotiated in pursuit of ethical interests, inclusive interactions, and holistic ecological development. As such, the book clearly illustrates that the way critical scholars and multilinguals relate to language diversity is different from the way neoliberal policies and agencies use multilingualism for their own purposes.

Education. --- Language policy. --- Educational policy. --- ducation and state. --- Emigration and immigration. --- Educational Policy and Politics. --- Language Policy and Planning. --- Migration. --- Neoliberalism --- Africa --- Economic policy. --- Economic conditions. --- Neo-liberalism --- Liberalism --- Glottopolitics --- Institutional linguistics --- Language and languages --- Language and state --- Languages, National --- Languages, Official --- National languages --- Official languages --- State and language --- Communication policy --- Language planning --- Government policy --- Education and state. --- Immigration --- International migration --- Migration, International --- Population geography --- Assimilation (Sociology) --- Colonization --- Education --- Education policy --- Educational policy --- State and education --- Social policy --- Endowment of research

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The policies relating to language pursued by European monarchies and states have been widely studied, but far less attention has been given to their linguistic and cultural policies in territories outside their own borders. This volume takes an interdisciplinary approach to filling that gap, distinguishing and analysing several different types of linguistic and foreign cultural policies. Such policies, the contributors show, tended not to be proclaimed officially, but they nonetheless had lasting effects on both language and culture in Europe and beyond.

Sociolinguistics --- anno 1700-1799 --- anno 1800-1899 --- anno 1900-1999 --- Europe --- Language policy. --- Cultural policy. --- Intellectual life --- State encouragement of science, literature, and art --- Culture --- Popular culture --- Glottopolitics --- Institutional linguistics --- Language and languages --- Language and state --- Languages, National --- Languages, Official --- National languages --- Official languages --- State and language --- Communication policy --- Language planning --- Government policy --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Foreign relations --- Language policy Language contacts Linguistic imperialism Multilingualism Francophony Modern History.

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Language Policy beyond the State invites readers to (re-)consider the ways language policy is constituted, taken up, and researched if we look within and past the state. Contributors to this edited volume draw attention to language policy as always in the making, focusing on agency, on-the-ground practices, and ideologies. The chapters of the book reveal how simultaneous, and at times contradicting, language policies exist within a state and explore the complex roles played by families, businesses, educational institutions, and media in generating and appropriating these policies.  By moving away from language policy analysis concerned primarily with how official state policies address well-defined language problems, some of the contributions of the volume highlight how the problems themselves can be ideological artifacts or are discursively constructed in language ideological debates that are provoked by changes in the geopolitical situation in the region. Using qualitative and descriptive research, the book uses Estonia as a setting to examine the ways historic and contemporary populations navigate language policies in both local and transnational spaces. As a whole, the collection speaks eloquently and powerfully to current efforts to understand and map the ways multiple institutions and individuals—not just the state—play an active role in forming and taking up language policies. .

Education. --- International relations. --- Educational policy. --- ducation and state. --- Language and education. --- Educational Policy and Politics. --- Language Education. --- International Relations. --- Language policy. --- Glottopolitics --- Institutional linguistics --- Language and languages --- Language and state --- Languages, National --- Languages, Official --- National languages --- Official languages --- State and language --- Government policy --- Communication policy --- Language planning --- Language and languages. --- Coexistence --- Foreign affairs --- Foreign policy --- Foreign relations --- Global governance --- Interdependence of nations --- International affairs --- Peaceful coexistence --- World order --- National security --- Sovereignty --- World politics --- Foreign languages --- Languages --- Anthropology --- Communication --- Ethnology --- Information theory --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Philology --- Linguistics --- Education and state. --- Educational linguistics --- Education --- Education policy --- Educational policy --- State and education --- Social policy --- Endowment of research

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'This varied and erudite collection succeeds in widening our understanding of how context, that dynamic element of discourse that encompasses both external and internal factors, must be taken into account as an important mediating aspect of the translational act and its reception.' -- Jeanne Garane, Professor of French and Comparative Literature, University of South Carolina, USA This book analyzes the impact of historical, political and sociocultural contexts on the reading, rewriting and translating of texts. The authors base their arguments on their experiences of translating or researching different text types, taking in fiction, short stories, memoirs, religious texts, scientific treatises, and news reports from a variety of different languages and cultural traditions. In doing so they cover a wide range of contexts and time periods, including Early Modern Europe, post-1848 Switzerland, nineteenth-century Portugal, Egypt in the early twentieth century under British colonial rule, Spain under Franco’s dictatorship, and contemporary Peru and China. They also consider the theoretical and pedagogical implications of their conclusions for translation students and practitioners. This edited collection will be of great interest to scholars working in translation studies, applied linguistics, and on issues of cultural difference. Mohammed Albakry is Professor of English and Applied Linguistics and Affiliate Faculty in the Literacy Studies Ph.D. Program at Middle Tennessee State University, USA. He has authored numerous refereed articles and co-edited the drama anthology Tahir Tales: Plays from the Egyptian Revolution (2016). He is also a practicing translator and was awarded a 2014 National Endowment for the Arts Translation Fellowship.

Translating and interpreting --- Vertalen --- History. --- Social aspects. --- Geschiedenis. --- Sociale aspecten. --- Translating and interpreting. --- Language and languages. --- Interpretation and translation --- Interpreting and translating --- Language and languages --- Literature --- Translation and interpretation --- Foreign languages --- Languages --- Translating --- Translators --- Anthropology --- Communication --- Ethnology --- Information theory --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Philology --- Linguistics --- Multilingualism. --- Language policy. --- Globalization. --- Sociolinguistics. --- Translation. --- Language Policy and Planning. --- Language and society --- Society and language --- Sociology of language --- Language and culture --- Sociology --- Integrational linguistics (Oxford school) --- Global cities --- Globalisation --- Internationalization --- International relations --- Anti-globalization movement --- Glottopolitics --- Institutional linguistics --- Language and state --- Languages, National --- Languages, Official --- National languages --- Official languages --- State and language --- Communication policy --- Language planning --- Plurilingualism --- Polyglottism --- Social aspects --- Sociological aspects --- Government policy --- Translation and interpretation.