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Materials --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Metallurgy --- Surface phenomena --- Friction --- Surfaces (Physics) --- Tribology --- Research --- Technological innovations --- Surfaces

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This monograph studies optimization problems for rigid punches in elastic media and for high-speed penetration of rigid strikers into deformed elastoplastic, concrete, and composite media using variational calculations, tools from functional analysis, and stochastic and min-max (guaranteed) optimization approaches with incomplete data. The book presents analytical and numerical results developed by the authors during the last ten years. This monograph studies optimization problems for rigid punches in elastic media and for high-speed penetration of rigid strikers into deformed elastoplastic, concrete, and composite media using variational calculations, tools from functional analysis, and stochastic and min-max (guaranteed) optimization approaches with incomplete data. The book presents analytical and numerical results developed by the authors during the last ten years. ContentsPart I: Quasi-statics of contact interactionOptimal contact pressure and optimal punch shapeInfluence of forces applied outside contact regionShape optimization of punch moving with frictionOptimization in contact problems under incomplete dataApplication of probabilistic dataMinimization of material wearMultiobjective optimization of contact pressure, wear of material, and energy dissipation Part II: High-speed penetration into deformable mediumOptimization of impactor shapeStrikers of nonaxisymmetric optimal shapeMultiobjective optimization of rigid shellOptimization of truncated rotating strikersPenetration into solid medium under strength constraintsSome problems of global multipurpose structural optimizationAnalytical and numerical estimations of optimal parameters of layered slabStriker shape optimization using condition of minimal ballistic limit velocity for layered slabs Part III: AppendicesNonadditive functionals and extremum conditionsMultivariant estimation of functionals and their sensitivityBasic ideas of multicriteria optimizationEvolutionary algorithm of global optimization

Structural analysis (Engineering) --- Joints (Engineering) --- Interfaces (Physical sciences) --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Physics) --- Engineering --- Architectural engineering --- Engineering, Architectural --- Structural mechanics --- Structures, Theory of --- Structural engineering

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One possible method of producing high-quality graphene is to grow it epitaxially; this thesis investigates the mechanisms involved in doing so. It describes how the initial stages of growth on the Ir(111) surface are modelled using both rate equations and kinetic Monte Carlo, based upon nudged elastic band (NEB) calculated reaction energy barriers. The results show that the decomposition mechanism involves production of C monomers by breaking the C-C bond. In turn, the thesis explores the nucleation of carbon clusters on the surface from C monomers prior to graphene formation. Small arch-shaped clusters containing four to six C atoms, which may be key in graphene formation, are predicted to be long-lived on the surface. In closing, the healing of single vacancy defects in the graphene/Ir(111) surface is investigated, and attempts to heal said defects using ethylene molecules is simulated with molecular dynamics and NEB calculated energy barriers.

Physics. --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Interfaces (Physical sciences). --- Thin films. --- Nanotechnology. --- Materials --- Surface and Interface Science, Thin Films. --- Surfaces and Interfaces, Thin Films. --- Surfaces. --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Surface phenomena --- Friction --- Surfaces (Physics) --- Tribology --- Surfaces --- Physics --- Surface chemistry --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- Materials—Surfaces. --- Films, Thin --- Solid film --- Solid state electronics --- Solids --- Coatings --- Thick films

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The original Handbook of Surface and Interface Analysis: Methods for Problem-Solving was based on the authors' firm belief that characterization and analysis of surfaces should be conducted in the context of problem solving and not be based on the capabilities of any individual technique. Now, a decade later, trends in science and technology appear to have validated their assertions.Major instrumental assets are generally funded and maintained as central facilities to help potential users make informed decisions about their appropriate use in solving analytical problem(s). Building on the popular first edition, this long-awaited second edition was motivated by the increasingly common industry view that it is more cost-effective to contract out analytical services than to maintain in-house facilities. Guided by that trend, this book focuses on developing strategic thinking for those who decide which facilities to access and where to subcontract analytical work. It covers most of the major tactical issues that are relevant at the location in which data are being produced.

Surfaces (Physics) --- Interfaces (Physical sciences) --- Surface chemistry. --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Surfaces (physique) --- Chimie des surfaces. --- Surfaces (technologie) --- Interfaces (sciences physiques) --- Analysis. --- Analyse --- Interfaces (Sciences physiques --- Analysis --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Physique) --- Chimie des surfaces --- Surfaces (Technologie) --- Analyse. --- Surfaces (Physics) - Analysis --- Interfaces (Physical sciences) - Analysis --- Surfaces (Technology) - Analysis

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Surface thermodynamics forms the foundation of any meaningful study of capillarity and wetting phenomena. The second edition of Applied Surface Thermodynamics offers a comprehensive state-of-the-art treatment of this critical topic. It provides students and researchers with fundamental knowledge and practical guidelines in solving real-world problems related to the measurement and interpretation of interfacial properties.Containing 40 percent new material and reorganized content, this second edition begins by presenting a generalized Gibbs theory of capillarity, including discussions of highly curved interfaces. Concentrating on drop-shape techniques, the book discusses liquid-fluid interfacial tension and its measurement. Next, the authors focus on contact angles with chapters on experimental procedures, thermodynamic models, and the interpretation of contact angles in terms of solid surface tension. The book discusses theoretical approaches to determining solid surface tension as well as interfacial tensions of particles and their manifestations. It concludes by discussing drop size dependence of contact angles and line tension.What's New in the Second Edition:

Surfaces (Physics) --- Thermodynamics. --- Surface chemistry. --- Surface tension. --- Contact angle --- Surfaces (Physique) --- Thermodynamique --- Chimie des surfaces --- Tension superficielle --- Angle de contact --- Contact angle. --- Thermodynamique. --- Tension superficielle. --- Angle de contact. --- Surfaces (physique) --- Chimie des surfaces.