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In 1999, the Alliance mistakenly bombed the Chinese embassy in Belgrade. Around the same period, allegations were made regarding its involvement in human trafficking and forced prostitution in Bosnia-Herzegovina. A decade later, NATO airplanes hit a fuel truck causing significant civilian casualties in Kunduz, Afghanistan. After more than 60 years of existence and a track-record of more than 30 missions performed worldwide, it is surprising that there is still uncertainty on the scope and content of NATO’s responsibility for wrongful conduct during its military operations. This timely book deals with the international responsibility of NATO during military operations. It examines, the status of the Alliance, the existence of international obligations and conditions of attribution of conduct in NATO.

TORT LIABILITY OF INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES --- NATO --- Tort liability of international agencies --- Peacekeeping forces --- War damage compensation --- Peacekeeping (Military science) --- Law and legislation --- North Atlantic Treaty Organization. --- North Atlantic treaty organisation --- North Atlantic Treaty Organization --- Compensation (Law) --- War and emergency legislation --- Peacekeeping operations --- Armed Forces --- International police --- Peace-building --- International agencies --- NAVO --- OTAN --- Peacekeeping forces. --- NATO. --- Tort liability of international agencies. --- Law and legislation. --- War damage compensation. --- War damage insurance --- Insurance

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The book provides both a legal and economic assessment of an increasingly important issue for the EU: the question of whether individuals can hold the European Union liable for damages they suffer due to its infringement of international economic law. However, liability regimes vary depending on the issue concerned. In international trade law the individual holds a weak position, being deprived of both legal remedies to seek annulment and damages. This is due to the constant refusal of the direct effect of WTO law. By contrast, international investment law has been designed in an 'individualistic' manner from the outset – states agree reciprocally to grant certain procedural and substantial individual rights, which they invoke to claim damages before international tribunals rather than domestic courts. The divergent role of the individual in the respective area of international economic law leads to a different set of research questions related to liability. In international trade law, the doctrinal exercise of de-coupling the notion of direct effect from liability is at the core of establishing liability. In international investment law, liability is connected to a number of issues emerging from the recent transfer of competence pertaining to investment issues from Member States to the EU and the nature of investment agreements as mixed agreements. Against this backdrop, exploring liability issues in the area of international economic law reveals a heterogeneous set of questions depending on the area of law concerned, thus offering different perspectives for studying liability issues.

International economic relations --- International law --- Tort and negligence --- World Trade Organization --- European Union --- Government liability --- Foreign trade regulation --- Government liability (International law) --- Tort liability of international agencies --- Claims --- Rules and practice --- Foreign trade regulation. --- Claims. --- Rules and practice. --- Etat --- Commerce extérieur --- État --- Organisations internationales --- Responsabilité --- Réglementation --- Responsabilité (Droit international) --- Responsabilité civile --- Claims vs.... --- World Trade Organization. --- Government liability - European Union countries