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Book
Développement de phytomédicaments antitrypanosomiase humaine sur base de traitements traditionnels
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2017 Publisher: Bruxelles: UCL. Faculté de pharmacie et des sciences biomédicales,

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Abstract

Hat, a tropical disease that occurs in 36 African countries, is not really a subject of interest for the Pharmaceutical industry. The disease is caused by two subspecies of Trypanosoma brucei. The disease mainly transmitted by the tsetse fly, evolves in two phases, the first phase restrained to the blood and lymphatic system is difficult to diagnose but anyway easy to treat; then occurs the second phase meningoencephalic phase frequently lethal. The only diagnosis of certainty is the finding trypanosome in biological fluids. The current drugs available to treat HAT-all present serious limitations: in particular, very low oral bioavailability; low chemical and biological stability (suramin decomposes rapidly in the air), a complicated long dosage regimen ( 4 infuses of eflornithine per day) and serious adverse effects (melarsoprol causes fatal encephalopathy in 10% treated of patients). It is then urgent to discover new active compounds or precursors which can serve as a basis for the synthesis of new drugs. In Africa, about 80% of the population uses traditional plants to treat them; so many plants are used, especially in the treatment of HAT. The aim of this work is to identify the literature on the promising activity of certain plants used in traditional medicine and recognized as potentially effective against Trypanosoma brucei. Each plant cited in this work was subjected to a critical analysis of experimental studies carried out in vitro and / or in vivo. At the end of these analyzes, we can conclude that certain plants used in TM can indeed provide a source of substances that will allow the development of new treatments. La Trypanosomiase humaine africaine (THA) est une maladie tropicale négligée qui sévit au moins dans 36 pays d’Afrique et est causée par deux sous-espèces de Trypanosoma brucei. La maladie est principalement par la mouche Tsé-Tsé et évolue en deux phases ; la première phase lymphatico-sanguine, est difficile à diagnostiquer mais pourtant facile à traiter. Ensuite survient la seconde phase, méningo-encéphalique, létale. Le seul diagnostic de certitude consiste à rechercher les trypanosomes dans les fluides biologiques. Les traitements actuels disponibles pour soigner la THA ont tous une limitation sérieuse : que ce soit une très faible biodisponibilité orale, une faible stabilité chimique et biologique (la suramine se décompose facilement), un schéma de posologie compliqué et long, une demi-vie très courte (4 perfusions d’éflornithine par jour) ou des effets indésirables graves (le mélarsoprol provoque une encéphalopathie mortelle chez 10% des patients traités). Il est par conséquent urgent de trouver de nouveaux composés actifs ou précurseurs pouvant servir de base pour la synthèse de nouveaux médicaments. En Afrique, environ 80% de la population a recours aux plantes traditionnelles pour se soigner, de nombreuses plantes sont ainsi utilisées, notamment dans le traitement de la THA. Ce travail a pour but d’établir un recensement de la littérature concernant l’activité prometteuse de certaines plantes utilisées en médecine traditionnelle et reconnues comme potentiellement efficaces contre le trypanosome brucei. Chaque plante citée dans ce travail a fait l’objet d’une analyse critique par rapport aux études expérimentales réalisées in vitro et /ou in vivo. Au bout de ces analyses, nous pouvons conclure que certaines plantes employées en médecine traditionnelle pourraient effectivement fournir une source de composés actifs pour développer de nouveaux médicaments anti-trypanosomiases.


Book
The Lomidine files
Author:
ISBN: 1421423243 9781421423241 9781421423234 1421423235 Year: 2017 Publisher: Baltimore

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Abstract

Ultimately, it illuminates public health not only as a showcase of colonial humanism and a tool of control but as an arena of mediocrity, powerlessness, and stupidity.

Keywords

History, 20th Century --- Ethics, Medical --- Colonialism --- Pentamidine --- Trypanosomiasis, African --- Diamidine --- Lomidine --- NebuPent --- Pentacarinat --- Pentam --- Pentamidin --- Pentamidine isethionate --- Pentamidine mesylate --- Amidines --- Antifungal agents --- Antiprotozoal agents --- Biomedical ethics --- Clinical ethics --- Health care ethics --- Medical care --- Medicine --- Bioethics --- Professional ethics --- Nursing ethics --- Social medicine --- history --- adverse effects --- drug therapy --- Moral and ethical aspects --- France --- Africa --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Bro-C'hall --- Fa-kuo --- Fa-lan-hsi --- Faguo --- Falanxi --- Falanxi Gongheguo --- Faransā --- Farānsah --- França --- Francia (Republic) --- Francija --- Francja --- Francland --- Francuska --- Franis --- Franḳraykh --- Frankreich --- Frankrig --- Frankrijk --- Frankrike --- Frankryk --- Fransa --- Fransa Respublikası --- Franse --- Franse Republiek --- Frant︠s︡ --- Frant︠s︡ Uls --- Frant︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Frantsuzskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Frantsyi︠a︡ --- Franza --- French Republic --- Frencisc Cynewīse --- Frenska republika --- Furansu --- Furansu Kyōwakoku --- Gallia --- Gallia (Republic) --- Gallikē Dēmokratia --- Hyãsia --- Parancis --- Peurancih --- Phransiya --- Pransiya --- Pransya --- Prantsusmaa --- Pʻŭrangsŭ --- Ranska --- República Francesa --- Republica Franzesa --- Republika Francuska --- Republiḳah ha-Tsarfatit --- Republikang Pranses --- République française --- Tsarfat --- Tsorfat --- Γαλλική Δημοκρατία --- Γαλλία --- Франц --- Франц Улс --- Французская Рэспубліка --- Францыя --- Франция --- Френска република --- פראנקרייך --- צרפת --- רפובליקה הצרפתית --- فرانسه --- فرنسا --- フランス --- フランス共和国 --- 法国 --- 法蘭西 --- 法蘭西共和國 --- 프랑스 --- France (Provisional government, 1944-1946) --- Medicine, Preventive. --- Disease prevention --- Diseases --- Prevention of disease --- Preventive medicine --- Pathology --- Preventive health services --- Preventive medicine physicians --- Public health --- Prevention

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