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Es wird ein historischer Überblick über die seit Ende der 1950er Jahren betrachteten Optionen zum Umgang mit flüssigen hochradioaktiven Abfällen vorgestellt. Ausgehend von den Randbedingungen der Wiederaufarbeitung von abgebrannten Kernbrennstoffen werden mögliche Verfahren und Strategien zur Verfestigung dieser Abfälle zusammengefasst und die Entscheidungsprozesse in Deutschland diskutiert. A historical overview of the options for solidification of liquid highly radioactive wastes is presented, which has been developed since the end of the 1950s. Starting from the boundary conditions of the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel, possible methods and strategies for solidification of this wastes are summarized and the decision-making processes in Germany are discussed.

Radioactive wastes.

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Handbook of Spent Hydroprocessing Catalysts, Second Edition, covers all aspects of spent hydroprocessing catalysts, both regenerable and non-regenerable. It contains detailed information on hazardous characteristics of spent and regenerated catalysts. The information forms a basis for determining processing options to make decisions on whether spent catalysts can be either reused on refinery site after regeneration or used as the source of new materials. For non-regenerable spent catalysts, attention is paid to safety and ecological implications of utilizing landfill and other waste handling and storage options to ensure environmental acceptance. As such, this handbook can be used as a benchmark document to develop threshold limits of regulated species. Includes experimental results and testing protocols which serve as a basis for the development of methodologies for the characterization of solid wastesPresents a database which assists researchers in selecting/designing research projects on spent catalysts, i.e., regeneration vs. rejuvenation and metal reclamationProvides the environmental laws, acts, and liabilities to raise awareness in safety and health issues in all aspects of spent catalystsContains solid waste management procedures specific to hydroprocessing that serve as a model for designing research projects in other solid waste areas.

Catalysts --- Hazardous wastes. --- Catalysts. --- Recycling.

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Organischen Matrices wurden zur Fixierung schwach- und mittelradioaktiver Abfälle in verschiedenen Bereichen der Kerntechnik verwendet. Zwar war und ist die Einbindung dieser Abfälle in Zement eine einfache, kostengünstige und vielfach genutzte Methode, Zement hat aber auch Nachteile. Diese Zusammenfassung liefert einen Überblick über die Ergebnisse von F&E-Arbeiten und der Anwendung von organischen Matrices, bis in die 1980er Jahre. Organic matrices were used to solidify low- and intermediate-level radioactive wastes in various fields of nuclear technology. Although the incorporation of these wastes into cement was and is a simple, cost-effective and widely used method, cement also has disadvantages. This summary provides an overview of the results of R & D work and the application of organic matrices until the 1980s.

Radioactive wastes. --- Radioactive waste disposal.

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The contributions collected in this report provide a representative overview of the scientific outcome of INE research activities in 2015. The structure of the report follows widely the organization of the institute according to research topics: basic research towards understanding geochemical reactions of radionuclides on a molecular scale and applied studies on radionuclide retention in multi-barrier system under real repository conditions.

Radioactive waste disposal. --- Radioactive wastes.

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This review describes the organic inventory in the wastes in German facilities, the microbial processes, such as aerobic and anaerobic processes, sulfate reduction, pH and ionic strength ranges and chaotropic effects on microbial activity. The microbial effects are discussed for resident and introduced microorganisms and the environmental conditions. The microbial population above the Gorleben salt dome and their effects of microorganisms on the retention of technetium and selenium are shown.

Radioactive waste disposal. --- Radioactive wastes --- Biodegradation.