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Public procurement regulation is an important instrument for using public resources efficiently and ensuring quality services to citizens. On average, the public procurement sector accounts for 14.5 percent of the gross domestic product globally. Using new data, this study documents public procurement regulation and related processes in 142 economies. Scores for three public procurement areas are constructed and amalgamated into an overall quality of public procurement index. The index is then related to a measure of road quality across countries. The results indicate that improvement in the public procurement system improves road quality, especially in non-Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries.

Infrastructure --- Public Procurement --- Public Sector Development --- Regulation --- Road Quality --- Roads and Highways --- Transport

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This study describes the performance of the sector vis-a-vis socioeconomic features of regions and discusses whether the development of market opportunities is limited by the availability of transport.Specifically, this study has two main objectives. First, it provides an exploratory assessment of transport connectivity in Russia. Second, it assesses the impact of improved transport productivity on the Russian economy and whether such an improvement has different economic impacts in various regions of the country. The study is complemented by a market/industry analysis and the performance of transport infrastructure in two selected regions : Zabaikalsky Krai and Khabarovsk Krai. Transport connectivity, as defined in this study, mainly focuses on freight transport and not so much on how passengers in different parts of the country are able to access transport services. Furthermore, while this study assesses general relationships between transport connectivity and economic outcomes-such as growth, poverty, and productivity it does not intend to formally or empirically establish a causal relationship between these variables. Expectedly, the average economic distance to market is much less in the well-connected western and central regions than in the more isolated eastern and northern regions. An increase in transport efficiency, resulting from reduction of travel time or technological progress,can have a different impact on regional productivity and welfare. This study presents some preliminary results of a simulation of a positive shock in transport efficiency using a regional general equilibrium analysis for Russia. International surveys of manufacturing and services firms provide mixed evidence of the importanceof transport for firm productivity in Russia.For a country as a large as Russia, it does not suffice to provide an explanation of connectivity in thewhole territory. However, isolated regions, at least those located in areas far from markets in the European side of Russia, may not necessarily be "transport disconnected" from their markets. Finally, it is important to note that in a large country like Russia achieving a good level of connectivity depends both on the density of the national transport network and the level of population dispersion.This report is divided into two parts. Part one considers the provision of transport services at the national level. We first summarize selected studies of the impact of transport services on economic growth and development, then discuss some relevant characteristics of Russia's provision of transport services andtransport sector performance. Part two of the report develops two case studies.

Business Environment --- Infrastructure --- Roads and Highways --- Rural Development --- Rural Roads and Transport --- Rural Transport --- Transport

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This report is the third and final output of a ten-year international research project studying the costs and viability of long-life road pavement surfacings. It describes the results of tests conducted with epoxy asphalt and high performance cementitious materials (HPCM) on real road sections in France, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. The project was initiated to address a growing problem for road administrations and road users: frequent closures of roadways for repairs and repaving as a result of surface pavements that have improved but still barely kept up with increased loads and traffic density.

Roads --- Riding qualities. --- Design and construction --- Economic aspects. --- Maintenance and repai --- Highways --- Roadways --- Thoroughfares --- Riding qualities of roads --- Transportation --- Highway engineering --- Pavements

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Papers from sessions of the International Conference on Highway Pavements and Airfield Technology 2017, held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, August 27–30, 2017. Sponsored by the Transportation & Development Institute of ASCE. This collection contains 20 peer-reviewed papers on pavement innovation and sustainability. Topics include: structural health monitoring of highway pavements; intelligent compaction; sustainability assessment using life-cycle assessment; climate change impacts; and preparation of pavement infrastructure. These papers will be of interest to researchers, designers, project/construction managers, and contractors involved in the design and construction of highway and airport pavements.

Pavements --- Airport and airfield pavements --- Sustainable development --- Highways and roads --- Innovation --- Highway and road design --- Pavement design --- Intelligent transportation systems --- Performance. --- Performance --- Testing

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This report examines the impact of rural connectivity on poverty, access to basic services, and income in Armenia, a country which has found itself in a low-growth, low-investment nexus, with stalled poverty reduction. This study attempts to shed light on the linkages between transport and poverty in Armenia. The rest of the report is structured as follows: Section 1 explains the evolution of selected social, economic, and demographic indicators for Armenia during the analysis period; Section 2 lays out the conceptual framework for operationalizing shared prosperity and poverty in rural transport operations; Section 3 proposes a systematic but non-exhaustive collection of literature on rural road impact studies in low- and middle-income countries; Section 4 examines regional gaps in accessibility to markets and services which were computed with the use of the first geographic information system (GIS) based mapping platform of its kind in Armenia, and introduces the potential association between accessibility and poverty in Armenia; Section 5 characterizes key social and economic indicators in the project's immediate area of influence to then summarize household-level outcomes obtained from a comprehensive qualitative analysis and community-level findings resulting from a nighttime lights analysis; and Section 6 summarizes the lessons learnt and the directions for future research. The report concludes with policy implications from this research and directions for future analytical and operational work on transport and poverty in Armenia.

Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Poverty Reduction --- Roads and Highways --- Rural Development --- Rural Poverty --- Rural Roads and Transport --- Rural Transport --- Social Inclusion --- Transport