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Public law. Constitutional law --- Globalisierung --- Rechtspluralismus --- Souveränität --- Rechtstheorie --- Verfassungstheorie --- (Produktform)Electronic book text --- Konstitutionalisierung --- Menschenrechte --- Transnationalisierung --- (VLB-WN)9770 --- Politische Wissenschaft --- Staatslehre --- Recht --- Rechtswissenschaft --- Nationale Souveränität --- Staatssouveränität --- Staat --- Staatliche Souveränität --- Legal pluralism --- Pluralismus --- Weltwirtschaft --- Weltgesellschaft --- Globalisation --- Globalization --- Internationalisierung --- Strukturtheorie --- Souveränität

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Most people believe democracy is a uniquely just form of government. They believe people have the right to an equal share of political power. And they believe that political participation is good for us—it empowers us, helps us get what we want, and tends to make us smarter, more virtuous, and more caring for one another. These are some of our most cherished ideas about democracy. But, Jason Brennan says, they are all wrong. In this trenchant book, Brennan argues that democracy should be judged by its results—and the results are not good enough. Just as defendants have a right to a fair trial, citizens have a right to competent government. But democracy is the rule of the ignorant and the irrational, and it all too often falls short. Furthermore, no one has a fundamental right to any share of political power, and exercising political power does most of us little good. On the contrary, a wide range of social science research shows that political participation and democratic deliberation actually tend to make people worse—more irrational, biased, and mean. Given this grim picture, Brennan argues that a new system of government—epistocracy, the rule of the knowledgeable—may be better than democracy, and that it's time to experiment and find out. A challenging critique of democracy and the first sustained defense of the rule of the knowledgeable, Against Democracy is essential reading for scholars and students of politics across the disciplines.

Democracy --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Expertise --- Philosophy --- Political aspects --- code --- 213 Democratie --- BPB9999 --- Philosophy. --- Political aspects. --- BPB1703 --- Démocratie --- Critique de la société --- Philosophie politique --- Democratie --- Maatschappijkritiek --- Politieke filosofie --- Politieke filosofie. Sociale filosofie --- Politieke systemen --- Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Political systems --- politikai filozófia --- political philosophy --- poliittinen filosofia --- politische Philosophie --- политическа философия --- politisk filosofi --- filosofia política --- politická filozofie --- politična filozofija --- politinė filosofija --- filosofía política --- politická filozofia --- poliitiline filosoofia --- politieke filosofie --- politička filozofija --- filosofia politica --- filozofia polityczna --- политичка филозофија --- πολιτική φιλοσοφία --- politikas filozofija --- filosofija politika --- filozofi politike --- filozofie politică --- poliitiline teooria --- политичко начело --- teoría política --- parim politik --- politisk princip --- politischer Grundsatz --- political principle --- politický princíp --- politikai elmélet --- théorie politique --- politiskā teorija --- politička teorija --- politische Theorie --- politický princip --- teori politike --- principio político --- politisk teori --- politikos teorija --- politinis principas --- politieke theorie --- politiska principer --- Staatsphilosophie --- politiskais princips --- teorie politică --- политички принцип --- principiu politic --- political theory --- politická teória --- politikai elv --- politická teorie --- principio politico --- teoria política --- principe politique --- πολιτική αρχή --- poliittinen periaate --- poliittinen teoria --- teoria politica --- poliitiline põhimõte --- politikai alapelv --- politiek principe --- princípio político --- političko načelo --- politologie --- πολιτική πρακτική --- δημοκρατία --- demokrácia --- demokrātija --- democracia --- demokraatia --- democrazia --- demokracija --- demokratija --- democrație --- democracy --- demokratia --- demokracie --- demokracja --- demokrati --- demokraci --- demokracia --- democratie --- Demokratie --- demokrazija --- демокрация --- демократија --- politický pluralizmus --- pluralizm polityczny --- πολιτικός πλουραλισμός --- folkstyre --- folkestyre --- politiek pluralisme --- politischer Pluralismus --- politiskais plurālisms --- demokrātiska vienlīdzība --- politikai pluralizmus --- égalité démocratique --- politický pluralismus --- ugwaljanza demokratika --- pluraliżmu politiku --- barazi demokratike --- pluralismo político --- politinis pliuralizmas --- politisk jämlikhet --- демократична равнопоставеност --- igualdad democrática --- democratische gelijkheid --- demokratische Gleichheit --- δημοκρατικό πολίτευμα --- demokraattinen yhdenvertaisuus --- poliittinen pluralismi --- demokratična enakost --- democratic equality --- demokratikus egyenlőség --- pluralisme politique --- politisk mångfald --- demokraatlik võrdsus --- igualdade democrática --- politisk pluralism --- ludowładztwo --- политически плурализъм --- politisk pluralisme --- pluralism politic --- pluralismo politico --- pluralizëm politik --- demokratická rovnost --- politički pluralizam --- uguaglianza democratica --- politični pluralizem --- egalitate democratică --- demokratická rovnosť --- political pluralism --- poliitiline pluralism --- demokratinė lygybė --- политички плурализам --- fealsúnacht pholaitiúil --- daonlathas --- Democracy - Philosophy --- Knowledge, Theory of - Political aspects --- Expertise - Political aspects --- Démocratie

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La démocratie fait partie intégrante des valeurs défendues par l'Union européenne. Pourtant, l'Union européenne souffrirait depuis son origine d'un " déficit démocratique " et deviendrait même un obstacle au bon fonctionnement démocratique des États membres. Les partisans du Brexit se sont prévalus de cet argument lors du récent référendum au Royaume-Uni. Qu'il soit fondé ou non, cet argument oblige à réfléchir sur ce qu'est, ce que pourrait être, ce que devrait être une Union européenne démocratique. Au travers de trois parties complémentaires, l'ouvrage définit : le caractère démocratique de l'Union européenne, et notamment les pouvoirs accordés au Parlement européen ; la démocratie au sein des États membres, de plus en plus nombreux à défendre une conception autoritaire du pouvoir ; les pistes d'une refondation du système politique de l'Union européenne, notamment à la suite du Brexit.

Political systems --- European law --- European Union --- E-books --- BPB1801. --- Démocratie parlementaire --- Démocratie --- STRADALEX. --- Union européenne --- Parlementaire democratie --- Democratie --- Europese unie --- Et l'Union européenne. --- Union européenne. --- Et la démocratie --- Pays de l'Union européenne --- Et la démocratie. --- Politique et gouvernement. --- Democracy --- Démocratie --- European Union. --- Political participation --- BPB1801 --- STRADALEX --- Europese Unie --- Europska unija --- União Europeia --- Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση --- Európska únia --- Európai Unió --- Europäische Union --- Europos Sąjunga --- Evropská unie --- Европска унија --- Unjoni Ewropea --- Европейски съюз --- Europeiska unionen --- Euroopan unioni --- Eiropas Savienība --- Unión Europea --- Evropska unija --- Unia Europejska --- Unione europea --- Uniunea Europeană --- Den Europæiske Union --- Европска Унија --- Euroopa Liit --- an tAontas Eorpach --- Bashkimi Europian --- Sąjungos institucija --- Sąjungos teisė --- právo Únie --- νόμος της Ένωσης --- Savienības tiesības --- wet van de Unie --- legge dell'Unione --- Europæisk Union --- unionslagstiftning --- atto dell'Unione --- AE --- loi de l'Union --- EU --- e drejta e Bashkimit --- ЕУ --- lege a Uniunii Europene --- Union law --- δημοκρατία --- demokrácia --- demokrātija --- democracia --- demokraatia --- democrazia --- demokracija --- demokratija --- democrație --- democracy --- demokratia --- demokracie --- demokracja --- demokrati --- demokraci --- demokracia --- democratie --- Demokratie --- demokrazija --- демокрация --- демократија --- politický pluralizmus --- pluralizm polityczny --- πολιτικός πλουραλισμός --- folkstyre --- folkestyre --- politiek pluralisme --- politischer Pluralismus --- politiskais plurālisms --- demokrātiska vienlīdzība --- politikai pluralizmus --- égalité démocratique --- politický pluralismus --- ugwaljanza demokratika --- pluraliżmu politiku --- barazi demokratike --- pluralismo político --- politinis pliuralizmas --- politisk jämlikhet --- демократична равнопоставеност --- igualdad democrática --- democratische gelijkheid --- demokratische Gleichheit --- δημοκρατικό πολίτευμα --- demokraattinen yhdenvertaisuus --- poliittinen pluralismi --- demokratična enakost --- democratic equality --- demokratikus egyenlőség --- pluralisme politique --- politisk mångfald --- demokraatlik võrdsus --- igualdade democrática --- politisk pluralism --- ludowładztwo --- политически плурализъм --- politisk pluralisme --- pluralism politic --- pluralismo politico --- pluralizëm politik --- demokratická rovnost --- politički pluralizam --- uguaglianza democratica --- politični pluralizem --- egalitate democratică --- demokratická rovnosť --- political pluralism --- poliitiline pluralism --- demokratinė lygybė --- политички плурализам --- Et l'Union européenne. --- Union européenne. --- Et la démocratie --- Et la démocratie. --- Union européenne --- daonlathas --- Politique et gouvernement

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Lay politics lies at the heart of democracy. Political offices are the only offices for which no formal qualifications are required. Contemporary political practices are diametrically opposed to this constitutional ideal. Most democracies in Western Europe are diploma democracies - ruled by those with the highest formal qualifications. Citizens with low or medium educational qualifications currently make up about 70 percent of the electorates, yet they have become virtually absent from almost all political arenas. University graduates have come to dominate all political institutions and venues, from political parties, parliaments and cabinets, to organised interests, deliberative settings, and Internet consultations. This rise of a political meritocracy is part of larger trend. In the information society, educational background, like class or religion, is an important source of social and political divides. Those who are well educated tend to be cosmopolitans, whereas the lesser educated citizens are more likely to be nationalists.This book documents the context, contours, and consequences of this rise of a political meritocracy. It explores the domination of higher educated citizens in political participation, civil society, and political office in Western Europe. It discusses the consequences of this rise of a political meritocracy, such as descriptive deficits, policy incongruences, biased standards, and cynicism and distrust. Also, it looks at ways to remedy, or at least mitigate, some of the negative effects of diploma democracy.

#SBIB:324H50 --- #SBIB:324H41 --- Politieke participatie en legitimiteit (referenda, directe democratie, publieke opinie...) --- Politieke structuren: elite --- Démocratie participative --- Science politique --- BPB1804 --- Démocratie --- Participatieve democratie --- Politieke wetenschap --- Democratie --- Political systems --- Political sociology --- δημοκρατία --- demokrácia --- demokrātija --- democracia --- demokraatia --- democrazia --- demokracija --- demokratija --- democrație --- democracy --- demokratia --- demokracie --- demokracja --- demokrati --- demokraci --- demokracia --- democratie --- Demokratie --- demokrazija --- демокрация --- демократија --- politický pluralizmus --- pluralizm polityczny --- πολιτικός πλουραλισμός --- folkstyre --- folkestyre --- politiek pluralisme --- politischer Pluralismus --- politiskais plurālisms --- demokrātiska vienlīdzība --- politikai pluralizmus --- égalité démocratique --- politický pluralismus --- ugwaljanza demokratika --- pluraliżmu politiku --- barazi demokratike --- pluralismo político --- politinis pliuralizmas --- politisk jämlikhet --- демократична равнопоставеност --- igualdad democrática --- democratische gelijkheid --- demokratische Gleichheit --- δημοκρατικό πολίτευμα --- demokraattinen yhdenvertaisuus --- poliittinen pluralismi --- demokratična enakost --- democratic equality --- demokratikus egyenlőség --- pluralisme politique --- politisk mångfald --- demokraatlik võrdsus --- igualdade democrática --- politisk pluralism --- ludowładztwo --- политически плурализъм --- politisk pluralisme --- pluralism politic --- pluralismo politico --- pluralizëm politik --- demokratická rovnost --- politički pluralizam --- uguaglianza democratica --- politični pluralizem --- egalitate democratică --- demokratická rovnosť --- political pluralism --- poliitiline pluralism --- demokratinė lygybė --- политички плурализам --- politikas zinātne --- valtio-oppi --- ciencia política --- политички науки --- politične vede --- scienze politiche --- nauki polityczne --- politológia --- politisk videnskab --- ciência política --- politieke wetenschap --- политичке науке --- političke znanosti --- political science --- politische Wissenschaft --- politologija --- politologie --- shkenca politike --- politoloogia --- πολιτική επιστήμη --- știință politică --- политическа наука --- xjenza politika --- statsvetenskap --- политичка теорија --- Politologie --- statskundskab --- politikatudomány --- politické vědy --- státověda --- Politikwissenschaft --- ştiinţe politice --- politicologie --- statskunskap --- teorie politiky --- politoloģija --- политикологија --- politikos mokslas --- правно-политички науки --- deltagelsesdemokrati --- osallistava demokratia --- partizipative Demokratie --- democrație participativă --- democrazia partecipativa --- participativní demokracie --- συμμετοχική δημοκρατία --- deltagandedemokrati --- osalusdemokraatia --- demokrazija parteċipattiva --- demokraci pjesëmarrëse --- participatieve democratie --- līdzdalības demokrātija --- dalyvaujamoji demokratija --- részvételi demokrácia --- daonlathas rannpháirtíochta --- партиципативна демократија --- партиципативна демокрация --- participatívna demokracia --- democracia participativa --- participatory democracy --- demokracja uczestnicząca --- participativna demokracija --- participative democracy --- δημοκρατική συμμετοχή --- demokratische Partizipation --- demokratisk deltagelse --- demokratická participácia --- demokraatlik osalus --- demokratinis dalyvavimas --- parteċipazzjoni demokratika --- participation démocratique --- uczestnictwo w demokracji --- sudionička demokracija --- participación democrática --- demokratikus részvétel --- osallistuva demokratia --- pjesëmarrje demokratike --- демократско учество --- demokratična udeležba --- demokrātiskā līdzdalība --- democratic participation --- demokratische Mitbestimmung --- participare democratică --- democratische participatie --- demokratiskt deltagande --- participação democrática --- részvételen alapuló demokrácia --- демократско учешће --- demokratická účast --- partecipazione democratica --- учествувачка демократија --- Political culture. --- Merit (Ethics) --- Elite (Social sciences) --- Democracy. --- Political aspects. --- Political activity. --- daonlathas --- eolaíocht pholaitiúil --- Démocratie --- Démocratie participative

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L'Avènement de la démocratie propose, échelonnées sur quatre livres, à la fois une histoire philosophique du XXe siècle et une théorie de la démocratie. L'entreprise constitue la suite du Désenchantement du monde. Ce qui advient avec la sortie de la religion, c'est un monde où les hommes ambitionnent de se gouverner eux-mêmes. Mais c'est en fait le monde le plus difficile à maîtriser qui soit. Ce sont les péripéties de ce parcours tumultueux, traversé d'embardées et de crises, dont il est fait une analyse raisonnée. Le premier volume, La Révolution moderne, est une sorte de prologue. Il campe l'arrière-fond, en retraçant sous une forme ramassée la révolution qui court entre 1500 et 1900, celle de l'autonomie. Surtout, il s'emploie à identifier les trois composantes spécifiques du monde désenchanté, du point de vue politique, juridique et historique. L'originalité de notre démocratie tient à la combinaison de ces trois éléments, qui est simultanément son problème permanent. Le deuxième volume, La Crise du libéralisme, présente une analyse en profondeur des années 1880-1914, qui constituent la matrice du XXe siècle, de ses tragédies et de ses réussites. En même temps que sont jetées les bases de la démocratie libérale, à la faveur de l'association du régime représentatif et du suffrage universel, le nouvel univers qui se déploie fait exploser le cadre hérité de l'univers religieux qui avait soutenu l'édifice des libertés fraîchement acquises. Ce sera la source des folies totalitaires comme ce sera le ressort de l'approfondissement et de la stabilisation des démocraties libérales. C'est précisément cet épisode crucial qu'examinera le troisième volume, A l'épreuve des totalitarismes. Le quatrième et dernier volume, Le Nouveau Monde, sera consacré, dans la même perspective et avec les mêmes instruments de lecture, à la réorientation de la vie de nos sociétés depuis le milieu des années 1970 et à la nouvelle crise de croissance de la démocratie dans laquelle elle nous a plongés

Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Democracy --- Liberalism --- Démocratie --- --Libéralisme --- --Totalitarisme --- --Representative government and representation --- Political science --- State, The --- History --- Philosophy --- History. --- Totalitarisme --- Philosophie politique --- Pouvoir (sciences sociales) --- Totalitarianism --- Démocratie --- Libéralisme --- Science politique --- Philosophie --- Histoire --- Philosophie politique. --- BPB1104 --- Histoire contemporaine --- Democratie --- Hedendaagse geschiedenis --- Libéralisme --- Histoire. --- BPB1103 --- Guerre --- háború --- karas --- rat --- karš --- luftë --- válka --- Krieg --- wojna --- војна --- war --- sota --- krig --- рат --- πόλεμος --- vojna --- война --- război --- guerra --- sõda --- oorlog --- gwerra --- ozbrojený konflikt --- relvastatud konflikt --- fegyveres konfliktus --- väpnad konflikt --- aseellinen selkkaus --- conflitto --- oružani sukob --- válečný konflikt --- conflitto armato --- invasione armata --- bewaffneter Konflikt --- konflikt i armatosur --- εμπόλεμη κατάσταση --- armed conflict --- conflit armé --- ginkluotas konfliktas --- σύρραξη --- apertura delle ostilità --- gewapend conflict --- væbnet konflikt --- bewaffnete Auseinandersetzung --- conflict armat --- relvakonflikt --- dichiarazione di guerra --- conflito armado --- conflicto armado --- ozbrojený útočný čin --- ένοπλη σύγκρουση --- вооружен судир --- contemporary history --- suvremena povijest --- historia contemporánea --- samtidshistoria --- sodobna zgodovina --- Geschichte der Gegenwart --- istorie contemporană --- storia contemporanea --- hedendaagse geschiedenis --- soudobá historie --- nykyhistoria --- súčasné dejiny --- lähiajalugu --- šiuolaikinė istorija --- História Contemporânea --- samtidshistorie --- legújabb kori történelem --- σύγχρονη ιστορία --- histori bashkëkohore --- storja kontemporanja --- съвременна история --- jauno laiku vēsture --- historia współczesna --- современа историја --- савремена историја --- tegenwoordige tijd --- età contemporanea --- gegenwärtige Epoche --- современа епоха --- историја на новата ера --- nutidshistoria --- historie současnosti --- nykyaika --- σύγχρονη εποχή --- nutidshistorie --- современа ера --- Gegenwartsgeschichte --- σύγχρονα χρόνια --- nutid --- nieuwste geschiedenis --- epoka bashkëkohore --- jelenkor --- Idade Contemporânea --- актуелна историја --- âge contemporain --- contemporary era --- suvremena era --- Edad Contemporánea --- nüüdisaeg --- současná historie --- samtid --- époque contemporaine --- šiuolaikinė era --- δημοκρατία --- demokrácia --- demokrātija --- democracia --- demokraatia --- democrazia --- demokracija --- demokratija --- democrație --- democracy --- demokratia --- demokracie --- demokracja --- demokrati --- demokraci --- demokracia --- democratie --- Demokratie --- demokrazija --- демокрация --- демократија --- politický pluralizmus --- pluralizm polityczny --- πολιτικός πλουραλισμός --- folkstyre --- folkestyre --- politiek pluralisme --- politischer Pluralismus --- politiskais plurālisms --- demokrātiska vienlīdzība --- politikai pluralizmus --- égalité démocratique --- politický pluralismus --- ugwaljanza demokratika --- pluraliżmu politiku --- barazi demokratike --- pluralismo político --- politinis pliuralizmas --- politisk jämlikhet --- демократична равнопоставеност --- igualdad democrática --- democratische gelijkheid --- demokratische Gleichheit --- δημοκρατικό πολίτευμα --- demokraattinen yhdenvertaisuus --- poliittinen pluralismi --- demokratična enakost --- democratic equality --- demokratikus egyenlőség --- pluralisme politique --- politisk mångfald --- demokraatlik võrdsus --- igualdade democrática --- politisk pluralism --- ludowładztwo --- политически плурализъм --- politisk pluralisme --- pluralism politic --- pluralismo politico --- pluralizëm politik --- demokratická rovnost --- politički pluralizam --- uguaglianza democratica --- politični pluralizem --- egalitate democratică --- demokratická rovnosť --- political pluralism --- poliitiline pluralism --- demokratinė lygybė --- политички плурализам --- stair chomhaimseartha --- daonlathas --- cogadh --- Democracy - History --- Liberalism - History --- Representative government and representation - History --- Political science - Philosophy --- Representative government and representation