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2018 (2)

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Book
Large-scale cortical dynamics related to eye movements
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Year: 2018 Publisher: Leuven KU Leuven. Faculteit Psychologie en pedagogische wetenschappen

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Dissertation
Traveling Waves in Large-Scale EEG: a Comparison between ADHD and Non-ADHD Subjects

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Traveling waves at multiple scales are ubiquitous within the nervous system. As they travel along cortical networks, they modulate the spiking behaviour and architecture of these networks. Traveling wave activity differs systematically across age groups, gender, and clinical populations. We investigated whether anomalies in traveling wave activity can be found in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) by comparing traveling wave activity between groups of ADHD and non-ADHD subjects. EEG data were obtained from the open source database provided by the Child Mind Institute, an organisation situated in New York. Our population of interest consisted of participants aged between 5-21 who scored positively on an ADHD diagnosis as well as those who did not. We analysed data from the resting state and Contrast Change task using software developed within the Perceptual Dynamics Lab. Within the frequency range of 1-32 Hz, we measured wave activity, power spectrum and traveling wave directionality. In the resting state data, power was generally higher for ADHD than for non-ADHD subjects, in particular in delta (<4 Hz) and theta (<8 Hz) waves. Wave activity differed between these groups in the delta band for male subjects. The directionality of traveling waves differed between ADHD and non-ADHD groups and between the genders for the slow waves. For the contrast change, the ADHD group consistently showed, for both genders, an increased power in the delta and theta band compared to the non-ADHD. Wave activity differed between genders and between groups, as males showed decreased alpha and beta wave activity, while female ADHD subjects showed increased alpha and beta wave activity, but only around the 200 ms time mark. Traveling directionality differed between ADHD males and females in each direction axis as they showed opposite directional tendencies to each other, in comparison to their respective non-ADHD group. Whereas in both the resting state and contrast change, slow wave activity was higher for ADHD than for non-ADHD subjects and the overall wave activity differs between genders. Our findings advocate gender-specific analyses in the study of ADHD.

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