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"Religions and spiritual traditions that deny the existence of God existed long before "spiritual but not religious" became the catchphrase of the day. Spirituality without God reminds us that the West does not hold patents on agnosticism or atheism and is the first survey of godless spirituality, beginning in ancient India, China and Greece. Peter Heehs explores systems of religion or philosophy that rejected the idea of a creative God, including Jainism and Buddhism, Confucianism and Daoism, and Epicureanism and Scepticism. We are shown Indian traditions that deny the existence of any sort of god, as well as philosophies of the Greco-Roman world that focused on enhancing quality of life rather than buying the favor of the gods through sacrifice or worship. Heehs shows how these traditions, rediscovered during the Renaissance, helped jump-start the European Enlightenment and opened the way to the atheism and agnosticism of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. This personal, inner, approach later became known as "spirituality." Spirituality without God is an accessible counterbalance to theistic narratives that have dominated the field, as well as an introduction to modes of spiritual thought and practice that may appeal to people who have no interest in God"--

Spirituality --- History --- 291.11 --- 291.11 Godsdienst:--oorsprong; ontwikkeling; natuur --- Godsdienst:--oorsprong; ontwikkeling; natuur --- God --- Philosophy, Ancient --- Proof. --- History. --- Religious aspects. --- Asia --- Church history. --- Agnosticism.

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Few studies focus on the modes of knowledge transmission (or concealment), or the trends of continuity or change from the Ancient to the Late Antique worlds. In Antiquity, knowledge was cherished as a scarce good, cultivated through the close teacher-student relationship and often preserved in the closed circle of the initated. From Assyrian and Babylonian cuneiform texts to a Shi'ite Islamic tradition, this volume explores how and why knowledge was shared or concealed by diverse communities in a range of Ancient and Late Antique cultural contexts. From caves by the Dead Sea to Alexandria, both normative and heterodox approaches to knowledge in Jewish, Christian and Muslim communities are explored. Biblical and qur'anic passages, as well as gnostic, rabbinic and esoteric Islamic approaches are discussed. In this volume, a range of scholars from Assyrian studies to Jewish, Christian and Islamic studies examine diverse approaches to, and modes of, knowledge transmission and concealment, shedding new light on both the interconnectedness, as well as the unique aspects, of the monotheistic faiths, and their relationship to the ancient civilisations of the Fertile Crescent.

Transmission of texts --- Sacred books --- Judaism --- Church history --- Islam --- 291.8 --- 291.11 --- 291.64 --- 291.64 Openbaring van de goddelijke wil: heilige schrijvers; uitleggers van de leer;godsdiensthervormers; godsdienststichters; religieuze wetgevers --- Openbaring van de goddelijke wil: heilige schrijvers; uitleggers van de leer;godsdiensthervormers; godsdienststichters; religieuze wetgevers --- History and criticism --- History --- Bronnen van de godsdienst: openbaring in heilige boeken en traditie; religieuze beslissingen --- Godsdienst:--oorsprong; ontwikkeling; natuur --- Book of Jubilees. --- Bible. --- Jean (Book of the New Testament) --- Johanisi (Book of the New Testament) --- Johannesevangelium --- John (Book of the New Testament) --- Yohan pogŭm --- Yohane den (Book of the New Testament) --- Yūḥannā (Book of the New Testament) --- Little Genesis --- Jubilees --- Livre des Jubilés --- Petite Genèse --- Buch der Jubiläen --- Kleine Genesis --- Liber Jubilaeorum --- Parva Genesis --- Jubiläenbuch --- Sefer ha-Yovlim --- 291.11 Godsdienst:--oorsprong; ontwikkeling; natuur --- 291.8 Bronnen van de godsdienst: openbaring in heilige boeken en traditie; religieuze beslissingen --- Apostolic Church --- Christianity --- Church, Apostolic --- Early Christianity --- Early church --- Primitive and early church --- Primitive Christianity --- Fathers of the church --- Great Apostasy (Mormon doctrine) --- Hellenistic Judaism --- Judaism, Hellenistic --- Literary transmission --- Manuscript transmission --- Textual transmission --- Criticism, Textual --- Editions --- Manuscripts --- History and criticism. --- Ioganaĭ (Book of the New Testament) --- Иоганай (Book of the New Testament) --- Christianity. --- Cuneiform. --- Islam. --- Judaism.