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Volume 608 of the series Methods in Enzymology covers key aspects of enzyme discovery, engineering tools and platforms, and examples of applications in the enzymology of synthetic biology.Detailed methods for laboratory use of enzymes in synthetic biology applications Informative case history examples illustrating how enzyme and metabolic engineering are used to generate new products Emphasises latest developments in laboratory automation for the engineering of biology Covers many aspects of the design, build, test, learn cycle used in synthetic biology

Enzymes. --- Synthetic biology.

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Enzymes --- Nanobiotechnology. --- Graphene. --- Biotechnology.

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Biocatalysts (enzymes and whole cells) catalyze reactions with the advantage of superior chemo-, regio-, and stereo-specificity in mild conditions, thereby avoiding the production of larger amounts of waste. The currently great practical importance of immobilized biocatalysts is expressed by the high number of scientific publications together with an ever increasing number of different applications in this area of enzyme technology. This mainly relies on new research results with respect to immobilization techniques and the development of advanced carrier materials designed for this purpose. The employment of immobilized biocatalysts is one of the most effective and powerful tools used in the modern chemical industry as a prerequisite for an economical and environmentally friendly production process. The book presented here reflects the currently great practical importance of immobilized biocatalysts by means of a variety of actual examples. They comprise the immobilization of enzymes from different enzyme classes and a variety of whole cells with particular importance for the production of compounds for application in the chemical, pharmaceutical and food industry (in part from renewable resources), biohydrogen production, the fabrication of biosensors, and the treatment of waste water. Several articles introduce new research results with respect to immobilization techniques and the development of carrier materials designed for this purpose. In addition, review articles provide among others an overview of the industrial application of immobilized biocatalysts in various areas including the energy sector, or discuss the many advantages of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as platforms for enzyme immobilization. They deal with the pros and cons of many inorganic, organic, hybrid and composite materials, including nano-supports, used for the immobilization of biocatalysts, and with the development of engineered strains applied to the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to platform chemicals by consolidated bioprocessing. In summary, the articles meet the state of the art of both scientific and technical standards and the book is indispensable for all those involved in the various aspects of this topic.

Enzymes --- Industrial applications

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Résumé:
L'inflorescence du houblon (Humulus lupulus L.) appelée aussi cônes est presqu’exclusivement
utilisée dans le domaine de la brasserie comme l'un des principaux ingrédients pour parfumer et conserver la
bière. La tendance actuelle des brasseries artisanales d’houblonnage à cru conséquent conduit parfois à une
production de profils aromatique incontrôlée et aberrante. Le but de ce travail est de déterminer si une partie
de la teneur enzymatique du houblon, à savoir l'α-amylase et la β-amylase, pourrait influencer le profil
aromatique de la bière houblonnée à crû consécutivement à la fermentation par la levure des hydrates de
carbone produits par ces enzymes.
Pour ce faire, des méthodes spectrophotométriques de quantification de l'activité enzymatique ont
été élaborées pour évaluer le contenu au sein du houblon. De plus, une méthode de chromatographie liquide
(HPLC-ELSD) a été utilisée pour déterminer l'impact sur le profil des sucres de la bière par la production par
ces enzymes de glucose et de maltose à partir de sucres de plus haut degré de polymérisation.
En outre, des techniques de chromatographie en phase gazeuse (GC-ECD/FID) ont été utilisées pour
évaluer la métabolisation éventuelle par la levure en utilisant des cétones vicinales (butane/pentane dione)
comme marqueurs de la fermentation.
Enfin, une analyse en composantes principales évaluant le changement global en surveillant la
concentration en esters (éthyle et acétate), alcools supérieurs et aldéhydes démontre l'impact sur le profil
aromatique de cette interaction levure-houblon.

houblons, enzymes, dry-hopping, levures --- Sciences du vivant > Biotechnologie

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This book will give an overview on viruses undergoing proteolytic activation through host proteases. The chapters will be organized in three themed parts, the first part describing respective viruses and their characteristics in detail. In the second part the molecular and cellular biology of the proteases involved as well as their physiological functions will be further explored. The third part will contain a chapter on protease inhibitors that are promising tools for antiviral therapy. This book will engage scholars in virology and medical microbiology as well as researchers with an interest in enzymology and protein structure and function relationship.

Viruses. --- Immunology. --- Proteolytic enzymes. --- Medicine. --- Virology. --- Proteins. --- Enzymology. --- Biomedicine. --- Protein-Ligand Interactions. --- Biochemistry --- Enzymes --- Proteids --- Biomolecules --- Polypeptides --- Proteomics --- Microbiology --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Peptide hydrolases --- Proteases --- Hydrolases --- Immunobiology --- Serology --- Genetic vectors --- Microorganisms --- Mobile genetic elements --- Extrachromosomal DNA --- Medical virology. --- Enzymes. --- RNA-ligand interactions. --- Biocatalysts --- Ferments --- Soluble ferments --- Catalysts --- Proteins --- Enzymology --- Medical microbiology --- Virology --- Virus diseases --- Proteins .